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Shloka 21

Gaṇānāṃ Vṛttiḥ — On the Sustenance and Cohesion of Assemblies

Gaṇa-nīti

द्रव्यवन्तश्न शूराश्व शस्त्रज्ञा: शास्त्रपारगा: । कृच्छास्वापत्सु सम्मूढान्‌ गणा: संतारयन्ति ते

dravyavantaś ca śūrāś ca śastrajñāḥ śāstrapāragāḥ | kṛcchrāsv āpatsu sammūḍhān gaṇāḥ santārayanti te ||

Bhishma nói: Trong một chính thể do gaṇa (hội đồng/cộng đồng) cai trị, dân chúng sung túc, dũng cảm, tinh thông binh khí và am tường các luận thư có thẩm quyền. Những cộng đồng như thế luôn cứu giúp những người khi tai ương khắc nghiệt ập đến thì trở nên hoang mang—dẫn họ trở lại nơi an toàn và nẻo hạnh đúng đắn.

द्रव्यवन्तःwealthy, possessing resources
द्रव्यवन्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootद्रव्यवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शूराःheroes, brave men
शूराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शस्त्रज्ञाःknowers of weapons/arms
शस्त्रज्ञाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशस्त्रज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शास्त्रपारगाःwell-versed in the scriptures/treatises
शास्त्रपारगाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशास्त्रपारग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कृच्छासुin hardships
कृच्छासु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकृच्छ
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
आपत्सुin calamities/dangers
आपत्सु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआपद्
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
सम्मूढान्bewildered, deluded
सम्मूढान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्मूढ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
गणाःgroups/assemblies (citizen-bodies)
गणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
संतारयन्तिthey ferry across, rescue, deliver
संतारयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootसंतारय् (सन् + तॄ/तारयति)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
तेthey/those
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
G
gaṇa (community/assembly polity)
C
citizens/people (gaṇāḥ)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma highlights an ethical ideal of collective governance: a well-formed community—prosperous, brave, trained in practical skills, and grounded in śāstra—does not abandon the vulnerable. In crises, it actively ‘ferries across’ the confused and afflicted, making public welfare and moral guidance a shared civic duty.

Within Bhishma’s instruction in the Śānti Parva on polity and dharma, he describes the qualities and benefits of a gaṇa-based state/community. He notes that such citizens, being capable and learned, repeatedly help those who become overwhelmed during severe hardships, ensuring social stability and protection.