Mahabharata 9.45.42 — Shalya Parva, Adhyaya 45, Shloka 42

Kārttikeya-Abhiṣecana: Mātṛgaṇa-Nāma Saṃkīrtana and Skanda’s Commission

Devanagari script

सुव्रतं च महात्मानं शुभकर्माणमेव च

Transliteration

vaiśampāyana uvāca |

suvrataṃ ca mahātmānaṃ śubhakarmāṇam eva ca |

rudrair vasubhir ādityair aśvibhyāṃ ca vṛtaḥ prabhuḥ ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana nói: Vị Chúa tể—giữ giới nguyện cao đẹp, đại hồn, và chuyên tâm vào những việc lành—đứng giữa vòng vây của các Rudra, các Vasu, các Āditya và đôi Aśvin. Trong khung truyện, sự tụ hội các thần lực quanh vị thần thống lĩnh (Kumāra/Kārttikeya) là dấu hiệu của sự chuẩn thuận và che chở chung: sức mạnh chính nghĩa được nâng đỡ bởi giới nguyện kỷ luật (vrata) và hành nghiệp cát tường (śubha-karman), chứ không phải bởi bạo lực thuần túy.

Word by Word

• सुव्रतम्: of good vows / well-disciplined
• सुव्रतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुव्रत
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• महात्मानम्: the great-souled one
• महात्मानम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: महात्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• शुभकर्माणम्: of auspicious deeds
• शुभकर्माणम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुभकर्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• एव: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• रुद्रैः: by/with the Rudras
• रुद्रैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुद्र
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• वसुभिः: by/with the Vasus
• वसुभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसु
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• आदित्यैः: by/with the Adityas
• आदित्यैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: आदित्य
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• अश्विभ्याम्: by/with the two Ashvins
• अश्विभ्याम्: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्विन्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Dual

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• वृतः: surrounded / encompassed
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृ (वरणे)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

• प्रभुः: the lord
• प्रभुः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रभु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Rudras
• Vasus
• Ādityas
• Aśvins
• Prabhu (the Lord; contextually Kumāra/Kārttikeya)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse links true authority with ethical discipline and auspicious action: the ‘prabhu’ is characterized first by vows and good deeds, and only then shown as encircled by divine powers—implying that righteous strength is upheld by moral order (dharma), not separated from it.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana describes a divine scene in which the Lord (understood in this context as Kumāra/Kārttikeya) is attended and surrounded by major groups of gods—the Rudras, Vasus, Ādityas, and the twin Aśvins—signaling a solemn, empowered gathering and collective divine support.