Shloka 31

अध्याय २२ — अमर्याद-युद्धवर्णन

Unrestrained Battle Description and Śakuni’s Rear Assault

Devanagari script

तथैव कृतवर्माणं शैनेय: शत्रुतापन:

Transliteration

tathaiva kṛtavarmāṇaṃ śaineyaḥ śatrutāpanaḥ

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Cũng theo cách ấy, Śaineya—nổi danh là kẻ thiêu đốt quân thù—đã đối mặt với Kṛtavarmā. Lời kể nhấn mạnh tính đối ứng không ngơi của chiến trận: mỗi dũng sĩ đều gặp một thách thức đáp trả, và bản lĩnh được đo bằng sự vững bền giữa làn bạo lực ngày càng dâng cao.

Word by Word

• तथा: thus, in the same manner
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा
• Form: Avyaya (indeclinable)

• एव: indeed, just, also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव
• Form: Avyaya (indeclinable)

• कृतवर्माणम्: Kṛtavarmā (object)
• कृतवर्माणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun (proper name)
• Root: कृतवर्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• शैनेयः: Śaineya (son of Śini; Sātyaki)
• शैनेयः: Karta
• Type: Noun (patronymic/proper name)
• Root: शैनेय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शत्रुतापनः: scorcher of enemies
• शत्रुतापनः: Karta
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: शत्रुतापन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Kṛtavarmā
• Śaineya (Sātyaki)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethic of reciprocal engagement in war: actions invite immediate counter-action, and a warrior’s duty (kṣatriya-dharma) is portrayed as steadfastly meeting formidable opponents, even as the moral cost of escalating violence looms in the background.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Śaineya (Sātyaki), famed for subduing enemies, turns to face Kṛtavarmā as well—indicating a sequence of matched combats and the tightening web of duels within the battlefield narrative.