Shloka 30

Adhyāya 21 — Duryodhanasya bāṇavarṣaḥ

Duryodhana’s Arrow-Storm and the Dust-Obscured Engagements

Devanagari script

शैनेयेडधिछिते राजन्‌ विरथे कृतवर्मणि

Transliteration

śaineye dadhicchite rājan virathe kṛtavarmaṇi

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Tâu Đại vương, khi Śaineya (Sātyaki) bị đánh ngã và Kṛtavarman bị bỏ lại trong cảnh vô xa, thế cân bằng của trận chiến đổi chiều giữa cơn hỗn loạn của cuộc giao tranh ban đêm—cho thấy vận may trong chiến tranh xoay chuyển nhanh đến nhường nào.

Word by Word

• शैनेये: in/when (the warrior) Śaineya
• शैनेये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शैनेय
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• दधिछिते: in/when (the warrior) Dadhichiti
• दधिछिते: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दधिछिति
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• विरथे: when (he was) without a chariot; chariotless
• विरथे: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विरथ
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• कृतवर्मणि: in/when Kṛtavarman
• कृतवर्मणि: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृतवर्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Śaineya (Sātyaki)
• Kṛtavarman

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the instability of worldly power in war: even renowned warriors can be suddenly brought low, reminding readers that pride and certainty are fragile and that outcomes can pivot in an instant.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra a battlefield development: Śaineya (Sātyaki) has been struck down, and Kṛtavarman is without his chariot—details that signal a critical shift in the ongoing combat.