Shloka 83

Śalya-hatānantarāṇi: Madrarāja-padānugānāṃ praskandana and the Pandava counter-encirclement (शल्यहतानन्तराणि—मद्रराजपदानुगानां प्रस्कन्दनम्)

Devanagari script

पाण्डवान्‌ सरथान्‌ दृष्टवा धृष्टद्ुम्नं च पार्षतम्‌

Transliteration

pāṇḍavān sarathān dṛṣṭvā dhṛṣṭadyumnaṃ ca pārṣatam

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Thấy các Pāṇḍava trên chiến xa của họ, lại thấy cả Dhṛṣṭadyumna, con của Pārṣata (Drupada), cảnh tượng lập tức chuyển sang sức ép đạo lý tức thời của chiến tranh—nhận diện những thủ lĩnh đối địch và sự sẵn sàng giao chiến của họ, nơi bổn phận và mưu lược va chạm giữa bạo lực không thể tránh.

Word by Word

• पाण्डवान्: the Pandavas
• पाण्डवान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• सरथान्: with chariots (chariot-borne)
• सरथान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सरथ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral), Non-finite

• धृष्टद्युम्नम्: Dhrishtadyumna
• धृष्टद्युम्नम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृष्टद्युम्न
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• पार्षतम्: the son of Prishata (Dhrishtadyumna) / Prishata's descendant
• पार्षतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्षत
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• संजय (Sañjaya)
• पाण्डव (Pāṇḍavas)
• धृष्टद्युम्न (Dhṛṣṭadyumna)
• पार्षत/द्रुपद (Pārṣata/Drupada)
• रथ (chariot)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the ethical weight of recognition in war: seeing the opposing side’s principal warriors (the Pāṇḍavas and their commander Dhṛṣṭadyumna) forces a confrontation with kṣatriya-dharma—duty, resolve, and accountability for violence undertaken in the name of justice and allegiance.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports a battlefield moment: the Pāṇḍava warriors are seen in their chariots, along with Dhṛṣṭadyumna (Drupada’s son), indicating their organized readiness and leadership presence as the conflict in the Śalya Parva intensifies.