Shloka 38

Śalya-hatānantarāṇi: Madrarāja-padānugānāṃ praskandana and the Pandava counter-encirclement (शल्यहतानन्तराणि—मद्रराजपदानुगानां प्रस्कन्दनम्)

Devanagari script

तच्चापि शल्यस्य निशम्य कर्म महात्मनो भागमथावशिष्टम्‌ । कृत्वा मन: शल्यवधे महात्मा यथोक्तमिन्द्रावरजस्य चक्रे

Transliteration

tac cāpi śalyasya niśamya karma mahātmano bhāgam athāvaśiṣṭam | kṛtvā manaḥ śalyavadhe mahātmā yathoktam indrāvarajasya cakre |

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Nghe cả về hành động ấy của đại tướng Śalya, và hiểu rằng phần còn lại nay đã trở thành phần việc được định cho chính mình, đức vua cao quý Yudhiṣṭhira liền đặt trọn tâm ý vào việc giết Śalya. Ngài hành động đúng như lời Indra-avaraja (Kṛṣṇa) đã chỉ dạy—kiên quyết, nhận lấy gánh nặng bổn phận mà cuộc chiến đã đặt lên vai mình.

Word by Word

• tat: that (deed/act)
• tat: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: tad
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• ca: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca

• api: also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api

• śalyasya: of Śalya
• śalyasya: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: śalya
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• niśamya: having heard/learnt
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni-śam
• Form: Lyap (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)

• karma: deed, act
• karma: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: karman
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• mahātmanaḥ: of the great-souled (one)
• mahātmanaḥ: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahātman
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• bhāgam: share, portion
• bhāgam: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhāga
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• atha: then, now
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha

• avaśiṣṭam: remaining, left over
• avaśiṣṭam: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ava-śiṣ
• Form: Kta (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• kṛtvā: having made/done
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ
• Form: Ktvā (absolutive/gerund)

• manaḥ: mind
• manaḥ: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: manas
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• śalyavadhe: in the slaying of Śalya
• śalyavadhe: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: śalya-vadha
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• mahātmā: the great-souled one
• mahātmā: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahātman
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• yathā-uktam: as said, according to what was said
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā + ukta

• indra-avarajasya: of Indra's younger brother (Kṛṣṇa)
• indra-avarajasya: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: indra-avaraja
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• cakre: did, made, resolved
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Śalya
• Yudhiṣṭhira
• Kṛṣṇa (Indrāvaraja)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even a reluctant, dharma-minded leader must accept the ‘remaining share’ of responsibility when circumstances leave no alternative; ethical action here is framed as steadfastly carrying out duty with a mind guided by wise counsel rather than by personal hatred.

What is happening in the narrative?

After learning of Śalya’s actions and recognizing that confronting him is now his own unavoidable task, Yudhiṣṭhira fixes his resolve to slay Śalya and proceeds according to Kṛṣṇa’s earlier instruction.