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Shloka 11

शल्यपर्वणि प्रथमाध्यायः — Karṇa-vadha-anantaraṃ Śalya-niyogaḥ, Saṃjayasya Dhṛtarāṣṭra-nivedanam

ततो दुर्योधनो राजा हतबन्धू रणाजिरात्‌ । अपसृत्य हृदं घोरं विवेश रिपुजाद भयात्‌,तदनन्तर राजा दुर्योधन अपने भाइयोंके मारे जानेपर समरांगणसे दूर जाकर शत्रुके भयसे भयंकर तालाबमें घुस गया

tato duryodhano rājā hatabandhū raṇājirāt | apasṛtya hṛdaṃ ghoraṃ viveśa ripujād bhayāt ||

Bấy giờ vua Duryodhana, khi thân tộc và anh em đã bị giết trên chiến địa, liền rút khỏi trận trường. Bị nỗi sợ kẻ thù lấn át, hắn chui vào một hồ nước ghê rợn—đó không phải là dũng khí, mà là cuộc tháo chạy tuyệt vọng trước sự sụp đổ cả về đạo lý lẫn binh lực của phe mình.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
FormAvyaya
दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हतबन्धुःwhose kinsmen were slain
हतबन्धुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहतबन्धु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रणाजिरात्from the battlefield
रणाजिरात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootरणाजिर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
अपसृत्यhaving withdrawn, having retreated
अपसृत्य:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootअप + सृ (धातु)
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), indeclinable
हृदम्lake, pond
हृदम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootह्रद
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
घोरम्terrible, dreadful
घोरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootघोर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विवेशentered
विवेश:
TypeVerb
Rootविश् (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada
रिपुजात्from the enemy-born (i.e., from the enemy)
रिपुजात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootरिपुज
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
भयात्from fear, out of fear
भयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
B
battlefield (raṇājira)
D
dreadful lake (hṛda)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how fear and the loss of one’s supporting kin can drive a ruler into ignoble flight. In the Mahābhārata’s ethical frame, such retreat signals the unraveling of adharma-based power: when inner steadiness and righteous grounding are absent, kingship collapses into panic and concealment.

After many of his brothers/kinsmen have been killed, Duryodhana leaves the battlefield and, fearing the enemy, hides by entering a terrifying lake. This sets the stage for subsequent events in which he is sought out and confronted.