Sabha Parva Adhyaya 77 Shloka 19 - Mahabharata | Vietnamese | Vedapath

Vyasa

Shloka 19

Devanagari script

वैशम्पायन उवाच एवं ब्रुवाणमजिनैर्विवासितं दुःशासनस्तं परिनृत्यति सम । मध्ये कुरूणां धर्मनिबद्धमार्ग गौर्गौरिति स्माह्दयन्‌ मुक्तलज्ज:

Transliteration

Vaiśampāyana uvāca: evaṃ bruvāṇam ajinair vivāsitaṃ duḥśāsanas taṃ parinṛtyati sma | madhye kurūṇāṃ dharma-nibaddha-mārgaṃ gaur gaur iti smāhvayan mukta-lajjaḥ ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana nói: “Hỡi Janamejaya, thấy Bhīmasena khoác da nai mà nói như thế, tên Duḥśāsana trơ trẽn liền nhảy múa chế giễu giữa đám Kurus, cười nhạo và gào lên: ‘Đồ bò đực! Đồ bò đực!’ Nhưng đường đi của Bhīma đã bị Dharma-rāja Yudhiṣṭhira giữ lại theo lẽ chính pháp; bằng không Bhīma đã chẳng để Duḥśāsana sống sót.”

Word by Word

वैशम्पायनःVaiśampāyana

उवाचsaid

एवम्thus

ब्रुवाणम्speaking (one who was speaking)

अजिनैःwith deerskins

विवासितम्banished, exiled

दुःशासनःDuḥśāsana

तम्him

परिनृत्यतिdances around, capers about

सम्altogether; fully (intensifier)

मध्येin the midst

कुरूणाम्of the Kurus

धर्मनिबद्धमार्गःwhose path was restrained by dharma

गौःbull (as an epithet)

गौरिति"bull!"—thus (quoting the word)

स्मindeed; (particle marking narration/past)

आह्वयन्calling, addressing

मुक्तलज्जःshameless (having cast off shame)

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vaiśampāyana

Janamejaya

Bhīmasena (Bhīma)

Duḥśāsana

Kuru(s)

Dharma-rāja Yudhiṣṭhira

ajina (deerskin garment)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights dharma as restraint under provocation: even when insulted publicly, Bhīma’s impulse toward immediate violent retaliation is checked by Yudhiṣṭhira’s commitment to righteous conduct and strategic patience.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Kuru court, Duḥśāsana shamelessly mocks Bhīma—who is described as wearing deerskins—by dancing and calling him ‘ox.’ Bhīma is prevented from acting on his anger because Yudhiṣṭhira holds him back on the grounds of dharma.