Shloka 40
Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Counsel on Restraint and the Pāṇḍavas’ Authorized Return (धृतराष्ट्र-उपदेशः)
Devanagari script
वैशम्पायन उवाच एवमुक्ते तु वचने धर्मराजेन धीमता । धिग्धिगित्येव वृद्धानां सभ्यानां नि:ःसृता गिर:
Translation
Vaiśampāyana thưa: Ôi vua Janamejaya, vừa khi Dharmarāja trí tuệ nói lời ấy, từ miệng các bậc trưởng lão và những người ngồi trong hội đường liền bật lên tiếng: “Đáng hổ thẹn! Đáng hổ thẹn!”
Word by Word
वैशम्पायनःVaishampayana
वैशम्पायनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैशम्पायन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
उक्तेwhen (it was) spoken
उक्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPast passive participle (kta), Neuter, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
वचनेin/at the speech (words)
वचने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
धर्मराजेनby Dharmaraja (Yudhishthira)
धर्मराजेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मराज
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
धीमताby the wise (one)
धीमता:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootधीमत्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
धिक्shame! fie!
धिक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootधिक्
धिक्shame! fie!
धिक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootधिक्
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
वृद्धानाम्of the elders
वृद्धानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
सभ्यानाम्of the assembly-members
सभ्यानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसभ्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
निःसृताcame forth/issued out
निःसृता:
TypeVerb
Rootनिःसृ
FormPast passive participle (kta), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
गिरःvoices/utterances
गिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगिर्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
Speaker
वैशम्पायन उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes