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Shloka 31

Bhīṣma–Śiśupāla-saṃvādaḥ

Bhishma and Shishupala’s exchange in the assembly

वृद्ध: किल समुद्रान्ते कश्चिद्धंसो5भवत्‌ पुरा । धर्मवागन्यथावृत्त: पक्षिण: सोडनुशास्ति च

vṛddhaḥ kila samudrānte kaścid haṃso 'bhavat purā | dharmavāg anyathāvṛttaḥ pakṣiṇaḥ so 'nuśāsti ca ||

Śiśupāla nói: “Thuở xưa, bên bờ biển có một con thiên nga già sinh sống. Nó nói những lời cao đạo về dharma, nhưng hạnh kiểm của nó lại trái ngược hẳn. Dẫu vậy, nó vẫn luôn răn dạy các loài chim khác: ‘Hãy hành thiện theo dharma; hãy tránh xa adharma.’ Vì thế, các loài chim cứ hết lần này đến lần khác nghe lời khuyên đạo lý từ miệng con thiên nga luôn tự nhận là nói lời chân thật ấy.”

वृद्धःold
वृद्धः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
किलindeed/it is said
किल:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिल
समुद्रान्तेat the seashore (at the end/edge of the sea)
समुद्रान्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमुद्रान्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कश्चित्a certain/some
कश्चित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Root
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हंसःswan
हंसः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहंस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभवत्was/existed
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पुराformerly/once
पुरा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा
धर्मवाक्speaking of dharma; one whose speech is about dharma
धर्मवाक्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मवाच्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अन्यथावृत्तःacting otherwise (contrary in conduct)
अन्यथावृत्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्यथावृत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पक्षिणःbirds
पक्षिणः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपक्षिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अनुशास्तिinstructs/admonishes
अनुशास्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअनुशास्
FormPresent (Laṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

शिशुपाल उवाच

Ś
Śiśupāla
H
haṃsa (old swan)
P
pakṣiṇaḥ (birds)
S
samudra (ocean/sea)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical problem of preaching dharma while living contrary to it—warning that moral authority is undermined when conduct does not match counsel.

Śiśupāla introduces an illustrative tale: an old swan living by the sea continually advises other birds to follow dharma and avoid adharma, even though his own behavior contradicts his righteous speech.