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Shloka 57

यदा शूरं च भीरुं च मारयत्यन्तको यम: । को नु मूढो न युध्येत मादृश: क्षत्रियव्रत:

yadā śūraṃ ca bhīruṃ ca mārayaty antako yamaḥ | ko nu mūḍho na yudhyeta mādṛśaḥ kṣatriya-vrataḥ ||

Sañjaya nói: “Khi Diêm Vương—Đấng Kết Liễu đưa muôn loài đến hồi tận—đánh gục cả kẻ dũng lẫn kẻ hèn như nhau, thì ai, đã bị ràng buộc bởi lời thệ của chiến sĩ như ta, lại mê muội đến mức từ chối chiến trận?”

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
शूरम्a brave man
शूरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भीरुम्a coward
भीरुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीरु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मारयतिkills / causes to die
मारयति:
TypeVerb
Rootमृ (मारयति = causative of √मृ)
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अन्तकःDeath (the end-maker)
अन्तकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यमःYama
यमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कःwho?
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नुindeed / then (interrogative particle)
नु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
मूढःdeluded, foolish
मूढः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमूढ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
युध्येतwould fight
युध्येत:
TypeVerb
Rootयुध्
FormPresent, Optative, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
मादृशःlike me / of my kind
मादृशः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमादृश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियव्रतःone whose vow/duty is that of a kshatriya
क्षत्रियव्रतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षत्रियव्रत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
Y
Yama
A
Antaka (Death)

Educational Q&A

Death comes to all—brave and fearful alike—so a kṣatriya should not abandon his ordained duty out of fear; refusing battle would be delusion when one is bound by the warrior’s vow.

In the midst of the Karṇa Parva battle account, Sañjaya reports a martial exhortation framed as a reflection on mortality: since Yama takes everyone, a warrior committed to kṣatriya-dharma must fight rather than shrink back.