Shloka 22

Devanagari script

प्रत्ययुध्यन्त समरे भीमसेनं सपार्षतम्‌ । पार्थपार्षतयो श्वान्ये जगृहुस्तत्र नामनी

Transliteration

pratyayudhyanta samare bhīmasenaṃ sapārṣadam | pārthapārṣatayor anye jagṛhus tatra nāmanī ||

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Trong trận chiến ấy, họ đứng vững và phản kích Bhīmasena cùng các chiến hữu của chàng. Những kẻ khác tại đó, vừa xướng to tên “Bhīma” và dũng tướng phe Pārtha (Dhṛṣṭadyumna), vừa lớn tiếng thách đấu, gọi họ ra giao chiến.

Word by Word

• प्रत्ययुध्यन्त: they fought back / engaged in counter-battle
• प्रत्ययुध्यन्त: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति + युध्
• Form: लङ् (imperfect), परस्मैपद, 3, plural

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर
• Form: masculine, locative, singular

• भीमसेनम्: Bhimasena
• भीमसेनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीमसेन
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• स: together with
• स: Karana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स (सह)

• पार्षतम्: the son of Prishata (Dhrishtadyumna)
• पार्षतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्षत
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• पार्थ: of Partha (Arjuna)
• पार्थ: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थ
• Form: masculine, genitive, singular

• पार्षतयोः: of the son of Prishata (Dhrishtadyumna) (dual form used in the pair-phrase)
• पार्षतयोः: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्षत
• Form: masculine, genitive, dual

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अन्ये: others
• अन्ये: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

• जगृहुः: they took / seized / uttered (took up)
• जगृहुः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: ग्रह्
• Form: लिट् (perfect), परस्मैपद, 3, plural

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र

• नामनी: the two names
• नामनी: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नामन्
• Form: neuter, accusative, dual

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Bhīmasena (Bhīma)
• Dhṛṣṭadyumna (Pārṣata)
• Pārtha (Arjuna / Pāṇḍava side)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the kṣatriya ethos of open, direct confrontation: warriors publicly call out opponents by name and meet them face-to-face. It reflects the battlefield ideal of courage and accountability in combat rather than hidden or evasive fighting.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that enemy warriors counter-attack Bhīma along with his supporting fighters, while others loudly challenge Bhīma and Dhṛṣṭadyumna by calling their names, signaling intense engagement and targeted duels amid the larger battle.