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Shloka 13

कृष्णेन अर्जुनस्य प्रोत्साहनम् — Kṛṣṇa’s Exhortation to Arjuna

Prelude to Karṇa’s Slaying

गजा गजान्‌ समासाद्य विषाणैरार्दयन्‌ नृप । विषाणाभिह्तास्तत्र भ्राजन्ते द्विरदास्तथा

gajā gajān samāsādya viṣāṇair ārdayan nṛpa | viṣāṇābhihatās tatra bhrājante dviradās tathā ||

Sañjaya nói: Tâu đại vương, voi xông tới voi, lấy ngà mà húc đánh nhau. Bị ngà đâm trúng, những con voi hai ngà hùng vĩ ấy vẫn rực lên nơi chiến địa—một hình ảnh về sức ép không ngừng của chiến tranh, nơi ngay cả loài vật cao quý nhất cũng bị dồn vào cảnh làm hại lẫn nhau giữa tiếng va chạm của binh đoàn.

गजाःelephants
गजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गजान्elephants (as objects)
गजान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
समासाद्यhaving approached/attacked
समासाद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√सद्
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), Parasmaipada (usage)
विषाणैःwith tusks
विषाणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविषाण
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
आर्दयन्hurting/crushing (while doing so)
आर्दयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√र्द्
FormPresent, Participle (शतृ), Parasmaipada, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
नृपO king
नृप:
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
विषाणाभिहताःstruck by tusks
विषाणाभिहताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootविषाण-अभि-√हन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Past passive participle (क्त)
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
भ्राजन्तेshine/appear splendid
भ्राजन्ते:
TypeVerb
Root√भ्राज्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Plural
द्विरदाःelephants
द्विरदाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विरद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाthus/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sañjaya)
नृप (the king—Dhṛtarāṣṭra, implied)
गज / द्विरद (war-elephants)
विषाण (tusks)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the grim momentum of war: even powerful and majestic beings are compelled into mutual injury. It invites reflection on the ethical cost of conflict—how violence spreads beyond human combatants and consumes all who are drawn into it.

Sañjaya reports battlefield action to the king: war-elephants charge and meet other elephants, goring and battering them with tusks; though wounded, the elephants are described as still appearing brilliant amid the clash.