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Shloka 16

Adhyāya 36: Ghora-yuddha-varṇanam

A Clinical Description of the Intensified Engagement

युद्धस्थलमें अत्यन्त बलवान्‌ नरेशोंको सारथि, रथ और हाथियोंसहित शत्रुओंद्वारा मारा गया देखकर भी महान्‌ अस्त्रवेत्ता ब्राह्मणशिरोमणि आचार्य द्रोणने रणभूमिमें समस्त शत्रुओंका वध क्‍यों नहीं कर डाला? ।।

yuddhasthale atyanta-balavān nareśān sārathi-ratha-hasti-sahitān śatrubhir māritān dṛṣṭvāpi mahān astravettā brāhmaṇa-śiromaṇir ācāryo droṇo raṇabhūmau samastān śatrūn kathaṁ na vyapātayat? sa saṁsmaran droṇam ahaṁ mahāhave bravīmi satyaṁ kuravo nibodhata | na vā mad-anyaḥ prasahed raṇe 'rjunam samāgataṁ mṛtyum ivogra-rūpiṇam ||

Sañjaya nói: Dẫu đã thấy trên chiến địa những bậc quân vương cực kỳ hùng mạnh—cùng với xa phu, chiến xa và voi trận—bị quân thù giết ngã, vì sao bậc đại sư về binh khí, viên ngọc của hàng Bà-la-môn, đạo sư Droṇa, lại không quét sạch mọi kẻ địch trên chiến trường? Nhớ đến Droṇa đã ngã xuống trong trận đại chiến ấy, ta nói lời chân thật—hỡi các Kuru, hãy lắng nghe: ngoài ta ra, không ai có thể chịu nổi Arjuna trong giao tranh. Khi chàng tiến đến, chàng như chính Thần Chết, mang hình tướng ghê rợn.

सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
संस्मरन्remembering
संस्मरन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसंस्मृ
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
द्रोणम्Drona
द्रोणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महाहवेin the great battle
महाहवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहाहव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
ब्रवीमिI say
ब्रवीमि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormPresent (Lat), First, Singular, Parasmaipada
सत्यम्truth
सत्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कुरवःO Kurus
कुरवः:
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Plural
निबोधतunderstand / listen attentively
निबोधत:
TypeVerb
Rootबुध्
FormImperative (Lot), Second, Plural, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वाindeed / or (emphatic)
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
मत्than me / from me
मत्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
अन्यःanother
अन्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रसहेत्could endure / would be able to withstand
प्रसहेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रसह्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अर्जुनम्Arjuna
अर्जुनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
समागतम्come forth / arrived
समागतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + आ + गम्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
मृत्युम्death
मृत्युम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इवlike
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
उग्ररूपिणम्of terrible form
उग्ररूपिणम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्ररूपिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Drona (Acharya Drona)
A
Arjuna
K
Kurus/Kauravas
B
battlefield (raṇabhūmi/yuddhasthala)
C
charioteers
C
chariots
E
elephants
D
Death (Mṛtyu, as a simile)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the overwhelming, almost inevitable force of a supreme warrior in war: Arjuna’s advance is portrayed as ‘Death’ itself, suggesting that even great masters like Drona were constrained—by circumstance, strategy, and the limits of human agency—despite their skill.

Sanjaya addresses the Kauravas, reflecting on Drona’s fall and responding to the implied question of why Drona did not annihilate all enemies. He asserts that Arjuna’s battlefield momentum is so terrifying that virtually no one can withstand him.