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Shloka 40

अध्याय २९: कर्णस्य शल्यं प्रति शापस्मरणं च युद्धनिश्चयः | Chapter 29: Karṇa recalls curses to Śalya and declares resolve for battle

कौरवेष्वपयातेषु तदा राजन्‌ दिनक्षये । जयं सुमनस: प्राप्य पार्था: स्वशिबिरं ययु:,राजन! दिनके अन्तमें कौरवोंके हट जानेपर पाण्डव भी विजय पाकर प्रसन्नचित्त हो भाँति-भाँतिके बाजोंकी आवाज, सिंहनाद और गर्जनाके द्वारा शत्रुओंका उपहास और श्रीकृष्ण तथा अर्जुनकी स्तुति करते हुए अपने शिविरको लौट गये

kauraveṣv apayāteṣu tadā rājan dinakṣaye | jayaṁ sumanasaḥ prāpya pārthāḥ svaśibiraṁ yayuḥ ||

Sañjaya thưa: Tâu Đại vương, khi ngày đã xế và quân Kaurava rút lui, các con của Pṛthā—đã giành thắng lợi, lòng hân hoan—liền trở về doanh trại của mình. Với muôn tiếng nhạc khí, tiếng gầm như sư tử và tiếng hò vang dội như sấm, họ chế nhạo kẻ địch và ca ngợi Kṛṣṇa cùng Arjuna, hân hoan vì thành công của ngày ấy.

कौरवेषुamong the Kauravas / with respect to the Kauravas
कौरवेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकौरव
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
अपयातेषुhaving withdrawn / departed
अपयातेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअप-या (धातु: या)
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle), from अपयात
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दिनक्षयेat the end of the day
दिनक्षये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदिनक्षय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
जयंvictory
जयं:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सुमनसःglad-minded / cheerful
सुमनसः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुमनस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्राप्यhaving obtained
प्राप्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र-आप् (धातु: आप्)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्यय (absolutive/gerund)
पार्थाःthe sons of Pritha (the Pandavas)
पार्थाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्वशिबिरम्their own camp
स्वशिबिरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वशिबिर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ययुःwent / returned
ययुः:
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु: या)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
K
Kauravas
P
Pāṇḍavas (Pārthas)
K
Kṛṣṇa
A
Arjuna
C
camp (śibira)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how victory in war quickly turns into public celebration and derision of the defeated; ethically, it points to the volatile emotions of the battlefield—exultation, pride, and mockery—contrasted with the ideal of restraint (dama) that dharma literature often commends.

At the close of the day’s fighting, the Kaurava forces withdraw. The Pāṇḍavas, encouraged by their success, return to their camp celebrating with loud martial sounds, ridiculing the enemy, and praising Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna.