Previous Verse

Shloka 3936

कर्णस्य दानप्रतिज्ञा–शल्योपदेश–वाक्ययुद्धम्

Karna’s Gift-Vows, Shalya’s Counsel, and the Battle of Words

तथा केशग्रहश्चोग्रो बाहुयुद्धं च भैरवम्‌ । भारत! वहाँ योद्धाओंमें बहुत बड़ा मुष्टियुद्ध हो रहा था। साथ ही भयंकर केशग्रहण और भयानक बाहुयुद्ध भी चालू था

tathā keśagrahaś cogro bāhuyuddhaṃ ca bhairavam | bhārata! tatra yoddhāsu bahu mahān muṣṭiyuddho 'bhavat | sārdhaṃ ca bhīṣaṇaḥ keśagrahaṇaḥ bhayānakaṃ ca bāhuyuddham api pravṛttam āsīt |

Sañjaya nói: “Hỡi Bhārata, tại đó các chiến binh bị cuốn vào một cuộc đấu quyền cước dữ dội. Cùng lúc, những màn giật tóc hung hãn và những thế vật ghì tay đáng sợ cũng bùng lên—một thứ giao chiến quá gần, đến mức xóa sạch khoảng cách và phẩm giá, phơi bày bộ mặt thô bạo, tàn nhẫn của chiến tranh.”

तथाalso; likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
FormAvyaya
केशग्रहःhair-grabbing; seizure of hair
केशग्रहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकेशग्रह
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya
उग्रःfierce; terrible
उग्रः:
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
बाहुयुद्धम्arm-to-arm fight; wrestling
बाहुयुद्धम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबाहुयुद्ध
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya
भैरवम्terrifying; dreadful
भैरवम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootभैरव
FormNeuter, nominative, singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhārata (Dhṛtarāṣṭra as addressee)
W
warriors (yoddhāḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores how war can collapse from formal, rule-bound combat into brutal hand-to-hand struggle. It implicitly warns that once violence is unleashed, it tends to intensify and degrade human restraint, challenging the ethical ideals that warriors claim to uphold.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the battle has reached extremely close quarters: warriors are fighting with fists, grabbing one another by the hair, and grappling by the arms—signs of chaotic, desperate combat on the field.