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Shloka 12

कर्णस्य दानप्रतिज्ञा–शल्योपदेश–वाक्ययुद्धम्

Karna’s Gift-Vows, Shalya’s Counsel, and the Battle of Words

नरा नरै: समाजम्मुर्वारणा वरवारणै: । रथाश्र रथिग्रि: सार्थ हयाश्व हयसादिभि:

narā naraiḥ samāyattā vāraṇā vara-vāraṇaiḥ | rathāś ca rathibhiḥ sārdhaṃ hayāś ca haya-sādibhiḥ ||

Sañjaya nói: Trong trận chiến ấy, bộ binh áp sát bộ binh, voi chiến đối đầu voi chiến, chiến xa đối chiến xa, và kỵ binh đối kỵ binh. Thế là hai đạo quân gặp nhau trong thế “đồng loại đối đồng loại”, theo một trật tự nghiêm ngặt mà tàn nhẫn của chiến tranh, mỗi hạng chiến sĩ giao chiến với đối thủ tương ứng.

नराःmen, warriors
नराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नरैःwith/by men
नरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
समाजग्मुःcame together; engaged (in encounter)
समाजग्मुः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-गम्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
वारणाःelephants
वारणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवारण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वरवारणैःwith excellent elephants
वरवारणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवर-वारण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
रथाःchariots
रथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रथैःwith chariots
रथैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
रथिनःchariot-warriors
रथिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रथिभिःwith chariot-warriors
रथिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
सार्थम्together, in company
सार्थम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसार्थम्
हयाःhorses
हयाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अश्वाःhorses
अश्वाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हयसादिभिःwith horsemen and the like
हयसादिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootहयसादि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
F
foot-soldiers (narāḥ)
W
war-elephants (vāraṇāḥ)
C
chariot-warriors (rathinaḥ)
C
cavalry/horsemen (haya-sādinaḥ)
P
Pāñcāla (from the given context)
K
Kaurava (from the given context)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the structured nature of ancient warfare—each arm of the army (infantry, elephants, chariots, cavalry) engages its counterpart. Ethically, it reflects the kṣatriya-world’s emphasis on ordered combat and matched confrontation, even amid the larger tragedy of fratricidal war.

Sañjaya reports that the battle has fully joined: footmen clash with footmen, elephants with elephants, chariot-fighters with chariot-fighters, and horsemen with horsemen. The armies are interlocked in simultaneous engagements across all divisions.