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Shloka 11

कर्णस्य दानप्रतिज्ञा–शल्योपदेश–वाक्ययुद्धम्

Karna’s Gift-Vows, Shalya’s Counsel, and the Battle of Words

यत्रा भ्यगच्छन्‌ समरे पञ्चाला: कौरवै: सह,उस युद्धमें समस्त पांचाल कौरवोंके साथ भिड़ गये। पैदल पैदलोंके, हाथी हाथियोंके, रथी रथियोंके और घुड़सवार घुड़सवारोंके साथ युद्ध करने लगे

sañjaya uvāca | yatrābhyagacchan samare pañcālāḥ kauravaiḥ saha | padātayaḥ padātibhiḥ hastinaḥ hastibhiḥ rathinaḥ rathibhiḥ aśvārohā aśvārohābhiḥ yoddhum ārabdhāḥ |

Sañjaya nói: Tại đó, trong trận chiến ấy, quân Pañcāla áp sát và giao chiến với quân Kaurava. Bộ binh đánh bộ binh, voi chiến chạm voi chiến, chiến xa đối chiến xa, kỵ binh đấu kỵ binh—mỗi binh chủng đối đầu đúng với đối thủ tương ứng, khiến cuộc chiến siết lại thành giao tranh trực diện, có trật tự mà khốc liệt.

यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
अभ्यगच्छन्approached/advanced (towards)
अभ्यगच्छन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
समरेin battle
समरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
पञ्चालाःthe Panchalas
पञ्चालाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्चाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कौरवैःwith/against the Kauravas
कौरवैः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकौरव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
सहtogether with
सह:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
P
Pañcālas
K
Kauravas
I
infantry (padāti)
E
elephants (hastin)
C
chariots/chariot-warriors (rathin)
C
cavalry/horsemen (aśvāroha)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights disciplined, role-aligned combat: each military arm meets its counterpart. Ethically, it reflects the kṣatriya ideal of ordered engagement rather than indiscriminate violence, emphasizing structure and responsibility even amid chaos.

Sañjaya reports that the Pañcāla forces advance and collide with the Kauravas, and the fighting becomes direct: infantry against infantry, elephants against elephants, chariots against chariots, and cavalry against cavalry.