Shloka 41

Śalya’s Objection to Sārathya and Duryodhana’s Conciliation (शल्यमन्यु-प्रशमनम् / Sārathyāṅgīkāra)

Devanagari script

हताश्वो विरथश्रैव विवर्मा च विशाम्पते

Transliteration

hatāśvo virathaś caiva vivarmā ca viśāmpate

Translation

Sañjaya nói: “Ôi bậc chúa tể của muôn dân, chàng bị bỏ lại khi ngựa đã bị giết, chiến xa mất đi, áo giáp cũng bị lột khỏi thân—trơ trọi, bất lực giữa cơn bão bạo liệt của chiến trường.”

Word by Word

• हताश्वः: whose horses are slain (horse-less)
• हताश्वः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हताश्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विरथः: without a chariot (chariot-less)
• विरथः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विरथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• विवर्मा: without armor (disarmed)
• विवर्मा: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विवर्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• विशाम्पते: O lord of the people
• Type: Noun
• Root: विशाम्पति
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address viśāmpate)
• horses
• chariot
• armour

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores how quickly martial power can collapse: when the supports of strength (steeds, chariot, armour) are lost, a warrior becomes exposed. Ethically, it highlights the precariousness of worldly advantage and the stark vulnerability produced by war.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra that a warrior has been rendered battle-disabled—his horses killed, his chariot gone, and his armour removed—signaling a decisive turn in the combat situation and the warrior’s immediate peril.