Shloka 111

Daiva–Puruṣakāra Discourse and the Elephant-Corps Engagement (भीमगजानीक-सम्भ्रान्ति)

Devanagari script

अश्वोंके मारे जानेपर भी उसी रथपर खड़े हुए प्रतापी भीमसेनने भीष्मजीके रथपर बड़े वेगसे शक्ति चलायी

Transliteration

aśvānke māre jāne par bhī usī ratha-par khaḍe hue pratāpī bhīmasenena bhīṣma-jīke ratha-par baḍe vega se śakti calāyī

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Dẫu ngựa đã bị giết, Bhīmasena hùng mạnh vẫn đứng trên chính chiến xa ấy, phóng một ngọn lao với sức mạnh dữ dội vào chiến xa của Bhīṣma—thúc trận chiến tiến lên bằng ý chí không hề nao núng giữa cơn hỗn loạn của chiến trường.

Word by Word

• अश्वानाम्: of the horses
• अश्वानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• मारे: when (they were) killed
• मारे: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: मार
• Form: Past passive participle (PPP) in locative singular (used in locative absolute), Masculine/Neuter (contextual), Locative, Singular

• जाने: having gone / having perished
• जाने: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: जा
• Form: Past passive participle (PPP) in locative singular (used in locative absolute), Masculine/Neuter (contextual), Locative, Singular

• परम्: even then / nevertheless
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पर
• Form: true

• अपि: also, even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि
• Form: true

• उसी: on that very
• उसी: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Hindi demonstrative; Sanskrit equivalent would be 'तस्मिन्/तस्मिन् एव', Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular

• रथपर: on the chariot
• रथपर: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Hindi postposition 'पर'; Sanskrit would be 'रथे' (locative), Masculine, Locative, Singular

• खड़े: standing
• खड़े: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था
• Form: Hindi participle; Sanskrit equivalent would be 'स्थितः' (PPP, nominative singular masculine), PPP (intended), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• हुए: having become / was
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Hindi auxiliary; Sanskrit equivalent often omitted or 'अभवत्', PPP/auxiliary sense, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रतापी: valiant, mighty
• प्रतापी: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रतापिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भीमसेनः: Bhimasena
• भीमसेनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीमसेन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भीष्मस्य: of Bhishma
• भीष्मस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीष्म
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• रथम्: chariot
• रथम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• बड़े: with great
• बड़े: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृहत्
• Form: Hindi adjective; Sanskrit equivalent 'महता/महान्' etc., Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• वेगसे: with speed
• वेगसे: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेग
• Form: Hindi instrumental; Sanskrit would be 'वेगेन', Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• शक्तिम्: a spear (shakti weapon)
• शक्तिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शक्ति
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• चालयामास: hurled / launched
• Type: Verb
• Root: चल्
• Form: Hindi 'चलायी'; Sanskrit equivalent is causative perfect/periphrastic perfect-like 'चालयामास' (he caused to move/shot), Periphrastic perfect (āmāsa construction) / narrative past, 3rd, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Bhīmasena (Bhīma)
• Bhīṣma
• ratha (chariot)
• aśva (horses)
• śakti (spear/javelin)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights steadfastness and warrior-duty under extreme adversity: even when one’s means of mobility and safety are compromised, a kṣatriya is portrayed as maintaining resolve and continuing the fight with focused intent.

What is happening in the narrative?

After the horses of a chariot are killed, Bhīma remains standing on that same chariot and, with great force, throws a śakti (spear/javelin) toward Bhīṣma’s chariot, intensifying the direct confrontation in the Kurukṣetra war.