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Shloka 2

अध्याय ५५ — भीष्मस्य प्रचण्डविक्रमः, अर्जुनप्रत्युत्तरं, कृष्णस्य चक्रोद्यतिः

Chapter 55: Bhīṣma’s onslaught, Arjuna’s counter, and Kṛṣṇa’s raised discus

आचार्यमुपसंगम्य कृपं शल्यं च पार्थिव । सौमदत्तिं विकर्ण च सो<श्वृत्थामानमेव च

ācāryam upasaṅgamya kṛpaṃ śalyaṃ ca pārthiva | saumadattiṃ vikarṇaṃ ca so ’śvatthāmānam eva ca ||

Sañjaya nói: “Tâu Đại vương, con trai ngài (Duryodhana) đến gần thầy Droṇa, rồi đến cả Kṛpa và Śalya, cùng Saumadatti (Bhūriśravas), Vikarṇa và Aśvatthāmā, đi vào giữa những dũng tướng hàng đầu ấy. Thấy thế trận ‘Krauñca’ đáng sợ, tưởng như không thể phá, lại được Arjuna rực rỡ vô lượng trấn giữ, hắn tìm cách khích lệ họ bằng những lời đúng lúc, khơi dậy quyết tâm cho cuộc đụng độ sắp tới.”

आचार्यम्the teacher (Drona)
आचार्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआचार्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उपसंगम्यhaving approached
उपसंगम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-सम्-गम्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here), having approached
कृपम्Kripa
कृपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकृप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शल्यम्Shalya
शल्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशल्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पार्थिवO king
पार्थिव:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सौमदत्तिम्the son of Somadatta (Bhūrishravas)
सौमदत्तिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसौमदत्ति
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विकर्णम्Vikarna
विकर्णम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविकर्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अश्वत्थामानम्Ashvatthaman
अश्वत्थामानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वत्थामन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed/also
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
D
Droṇa (Ācārya)
K
Kṛpa (Kṛpācārya)
Ś
Śalya
S
Somadatta
B
Bhūriśravas (Saumadatti)
V
Vikarṇa
A
Aśvatthāmā
D
Duryodhana
A
Arjuna
K
Krauñca-vyūha (Krauñca battle-formation)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a recurring Mahābhārata ethic: in war, leaders actively shape outcomes not only through force but through counsel and morale. Duryodhana’s act of approaching senior warriors underscores reliance on experienced authority (ācārya, elders) and the strategic importance of timely speech—yet it also implicitly frames the moral tension of pursuing victory even when dharma is contested.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Duryodhana, seeing the formidable Krauñca formation protected by Arjuna, goes to key Kaurava champions—Droṇa, Kṛpa, Śalya, Bhūriśravas, Vikarṇa, and Aśvatthāmā—to encourage them and prepare them for the imminent engagement.