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Shloka 38

गौरुडव्यूह-रचना तथा अर्धचन्द्र-प्रत्यव्यूह

Garuḍa Array and the Ardhacandra Counter-Formation

दुर्योधनप्रिये युक्त: पाण्डवान्‌ परिशोचयन्‌ । जीवितं दुस्त्यजं त्यक्त्वा भयं च सुमहाहवे

sañjaya uvāca | duryodhana-priye yuktaḥ pāṇḍavān pariśocayan | jīvitaṃ dustyajaṃ tyaktvā bhayaṃ ca sumahāhave | jighāṃsantaṃ yudhāṃ śreṣṭhaṃ tadā āsīt tumulaṃ mahat ||

Sañjaya thưa: “Dấn thân vào việc làm mà Duryodhana ưa thích, Bhīṣma khiến các Pāṇḍava chìm trong sầu thảm. Giữa đại chiến ấy, ông gạt bỏ luyến ái đối với sinh mệnh vốn khó rời, và cả nỗi sợ hãi, rồi xông thẳng vào bậc nhất trong hàng chiến sĩ đang toan sát hại (Śveta). Khi ấy, một cuộc giao tranh lớn lao và hỗn loạn bùng lên.”

दुर्योधनप्रियेin (the act) dear to Duryodhana
दुर्योधनप्रिये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधनप्रिय
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
युक्तःengaged, intent
युक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयुक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पाण्डवान्the Pandavas
पाण्डवान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
परिशोचयन्causing to grieve, afflicting with sorrow
परिशोचयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-शुच्
FormPresent (participle), Singular
जीवितम्life
जीवितम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजीवित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दुस्त्यजम्hard to abandon
दुस्त्यजम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुस्त्यज
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
त्यक्त्वाhaving abandoned
त्यक्त्वा:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
भयम्fear
भयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सुमहाहवेin the very great battle
सुमहाहवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसुमहाहव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
जिघांसन्तम्desiring to kill
जिघांसन्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormDesiderative present participle, Singular
युधाम्of battles / of fighters
युधाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootयुध्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
श्रेष्ठःthe best, foremost
श्रेष्ठः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
आसीत्was, occurred
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect, 3, Singular
तुमुलम्tumultuous, fierce
तुमुलम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootतुमुल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
महत्great
महत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Duryodhana
P
Pāṇḍavas
B
Bhīṣma
Ś
Śveta (Śvetaka, Virāṭa’s son, as per the surrounding narrative)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the warrior-ethic of steadfastness under duty: Bhīṣma, committed to the Kuru cause dear to Duryodhana, suppresses fear and attachment to life and acts decisively. Ethically, it also exposes the tragedy of loyalty in a flawed cause—valor and self-mastery can serve aims that deepen collective suffering.

Sañjaya reports that Bhīṣma, energized and intent on fulfilling Duryodhana’s interests, attacks the foremost warrior who is trying to kill Śveta (in the surrounding episode, Śveta of the Pāṇḍava side). This charge triggers a fierce, chaotic escalation of the battle.