Shloka 43

Bhīmasena’s Kalinga Engagement and the Approach of Bhīṣma (भीमसेन-कालिङ्ग-संग्रामः)

Devanagari script

अपरे क्लिश्यमानास्तु शरार्ता ब्रणपीडिता:

Transliteration

apare kliśyamānās tu śarārtā vraṇapīḍitāḥ

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Còn những người khác thì đang chịu khổ—bị mũi tên hành hạ và bị những vết thương đau đớn giày vò.

Word by Word

• अपरे: others
• अपरे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• क्लिश्यमानाः: being afflicted/suffering
• क्लिश्यमानाः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्लिश्
• Form: शानच् (present passive participle), Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तु: but/indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• शरार्ताः: pained by arrows
• शरार्ताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शरार्त
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ब्रणपीडिताः: tormented by wounds
• ब्रणपीडिताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ब्रणपीडित
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• arrows (śara)
• wounds (vraṇa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the inevitable suffering produced by warfare—injury, pain, and exhaustion—inviting reflection on the ethical burden of violence even when undertaken under claims of duty (dharma).

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya continues describing the battlefield scene: alongside those still fighting effectively, there are others who are overwhelmed—pierced by arrows and debilitated by wounds.