Shloka 56

Devanagari script

एष पार्थो रणे क्रुद्ध: पाण्डवानां महारथ: । शरैरनेकसाहसैमामिेवाभ्यहनद्‌ रणे

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | eṣa pārtho raṇe kruddhaḥ pāṇḍavānāṃ mahārathaḥ | śarair aneka-sāhasrair mām ivābhyahanad raṇe ||

Translation

Sañjaya nói: “Pārtha—Arjuna, đại xa chiến của nhà Pāṇḍava—đã nổi giận trong trận mạc. Giữa vòng giao chiến, chàng đã đánh trúng và làm ta bị thương bằng hàng nghìn mũi tên.”

Word by Word

• एषः: this (man)
• एषः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पार्थः: Arjuna (son of Pṛthā)
• पार्थः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• रणे: in battle
• रणे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रण
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• क्रुद्धः: angered
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुध्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle used adjectivally)

• पाण्डवानाम्: of the Pāṇḍavas
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• महारथः: great chariot-warrior
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शरैः: with arrows
• शरैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• अनेकसाहसैः: by many thousands (in number)
• अनेकसाहसैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनेकसाहस
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• माम्: me
• माम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: Accusative, Singular, —

• इव: as if / like
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• अभ्यहनत्: struck / smote
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-हन्
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• रणे: in battle
• रणे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रण
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Arjuna (Pārtha)
• Pāṇḍavas
• arrows (śara)
• battlefield (raṇa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the kṣatriya world of duty and consequence: even the greatest warriors must face the results of righteous resolve and martial skill. Anger (kruddhaḥ) here functions as battle-fury that intensifies action, reminding readers that ethical warfare still carries suffering and accountability.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Arjuna, the Pāṇḍavas’ foremost chariot-warrior, has become fierce in combat and has struck the speaker (contextually Bhīṣma in the surrounding narration) with innumerable arrows, leaving him grievously wounded.