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Shloka 51

गजाश्व रथसड्घाश्न बहुधा रथिभिहता: । रथाश्ष निहता नागैहयाश्रैव पदातिभि:

gajāśva-ratha-saṅghāś ca bahudhā rathibhir hatāḥ | rathāś ca nihatā nāgair hayāś caiva padātibhiḥ ||

Sañjaya nói: Bằng nhiều cách, những khối quân voi, quân ngựa và đội hình chiến xa đã bị các chiến sĩ chiến xa chém hạ. Chiến xa bị voi đập nát, còn bộ binh hạ gục nhiều ngựa cùng cả kỵ sĩ—cho thấy trong cơn cuồng nộ của chiến trận, mọi binh chủng đều vừa là kẻ săn vừa là con mồi.

गजाःelephants
गजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अश्वाःhorses
अश्वाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रथ-सङ्घाःmasses/groups of chariots
रथ-सङ्घाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथसङ्घ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
बहुधाin many ways / repeatedly / in many places
बहुधा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootबहुधा
रथिभिःby chariot-warriors
रथिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
हताःwere slain / destroyed
हताः:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
रथाःchariots
रथाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
निहताःwere struck down / destroyed
निहताः:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-हन्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
नागैःby elephants
नागैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अश्वाःhorses
अश्वाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एवindeed / also
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
पदातिभिःby foot-soldiers
पदातिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपदाति
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
हताःwere slain
हताः:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
E
elephants (gaja/nāga)
H
horses (aśva/haya)
C
chariots (ratha)
C
chariot-warriors (rathin)
I
infantry (padāti)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the brutal reciprocity of war: each military arm—chariots, elephants, cavalry, infantry—can dominate another, yet all are vulnerable. It implicitly highlights the fragility of life and the heavy moral cost that accompanies kṣatriya warfare.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra the chaotic clash on the battlefield: chariot-warriors cut down formations of elephants, horses, and chariots; elephants crush chariots; and infantry kill horses together with their riders.