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Shloka 17

Adhyāya 108 — Nimitta-darśana and Drona’s counsel amid Arjuna’s advance (निमित्तदर्शनं द्रोणोपदेशश्च)

प्रत्यघ्नंस्तरसा वेगं समरे हयसादिनाम्‌ | उद्वृत्तस्य महाराज प्रावृट्कालेडतिपूर्यत:

pratyaghnan tarasā vegaṃ samare hayasādinām | udvṛttasya mahārāja prāvṛṭ-kāle 'ti-pūryataḥ

Sañjaya nói: Tâu Đại vương, giữa trận tiền, ngài đã dùng sức mạnh chặn đứng đà xông tới của kỵ binh và các chiến sĩ cưỡi thú. Rồi ngài tràn lên phía trước như dòng lũ mùa mưa đang dâng đầy, cuồn cuộn không gì cản nổi.

प्रत्यघ्नन्he struck back / repelled
प्रत्यघ्नन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-हन् (धातु: हन्)
Formलङ् (Imperfect), परस्मैपदम्, 3, Singular
तरसाwith force, swiftly
तरसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतरस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वेगम्the rush / impetus
वेगम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवेग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
समरेin battle
समरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
हयसादिनाम्of the horsemen
हयसादिनाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootहयसादिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
उद्वृत्तस्यof (it) being churned up / agitated
उद्वृत्तस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootउद्-वृत् (धातु: वृत्) → उद्वृत्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्रावृट्कालेin the rainy season
प्रावृट्काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रावृट्काल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अतिपूर्यतwas filled up / overflowed greatly
अतिपूर्यत:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअति-पूॄ (धातु: पूॄ/पूर्)
Formलङ् (Imperfect), आत्मनेपदम्, 3, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (mahārāja)
H
hayasādinaḥ (horsemen/mounted warriors)

Educational Q&A

The verse uses a monsoon-flood simile to highlight how violence in war can swell beyond restraint; it implicitly cautions that unchecked momentum—whether of troops or passions—becomes dangerous and overwhelming, a concern central to dharmic reflection on warfare.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that a warrior on the battlefield forcefully halts the rushing advance of mounted fighters; the scene is likened to a rain-season surge, emphasizing the intensity and unstoppable pressure of the combat.