Shloka 13

Adhyāya 107 — बहुयुद्धप्रकरणम्

Multiple Defensive Engagements to Protect Bhīṣma

Devanagari script

ज्ञायमाना रणे वीर्य घोरं गाण्डीवधन्चन: । हाहाकारकृतोत्साहा भीष्म जग्मु: समन्‍्ततः

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca |

jñāyamānā raṇe vīryaṃ ghoraṃ gāṇḍīvadhanvanaḥ |

hāhākārakṛtotsāhā bhīṣmaṃ jagmuḥ samantataḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya thưa: “Nhận ra trên chiến địa sức mạnh ghê gớm của người cầm cung Gāṇḍīva, các chiến binh—được thúc dậy bởi tiếng kêu náo động—liền vây ép Bhīṣma từ mọi phía.”

Word by Word

• ज्ञायमाना: being known / becoming manifest
• ज्ञायमाना: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular, शानच् (लट्, आत्मनेपद; वर्तमान-कालिक कर्मणि/भावे प्रयोगः)

• रणे: in battle
• रणे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रण
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• वीर्यं: prowess
• वीर्यं: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• घोरं: terrible
• घोरं: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: घोर
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• गाण्डीवधन्वनः: the one whose bow is Gāṇḍīva (Arjuna)
• गाण्डीवधन्वनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: गाण्डीवधन्वन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• हाहाकारकृतोत्साहाः: whose ardor was roused by cries of ‘hā-hā’ (uproar)
• हाहाकारकृतोत्साहाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हाहाकार-कृत-उत्साह
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• भीष्मम्: Bhīṣma
• भीष्मम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीष्म
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• जग्मुः: went / advanced
• जग्मुः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), Third, Plural, परस्मैपद

• समन्ततः: on all sides / from every direction
• समन्ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: समन्ततः

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Bhīṣma
• Gāṇḍīva
• Arjuna (implied by 'Gāṇḍīvadhanvan')

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights a moral-psychological dynamic of warfare: when overwhelming prowess is recognized, fear and urgency can galvanize coordinated action. It also reflects the tension of kṣatriya-dharma—fighters act from duty and allegiance even amid alarm and ethical complexity.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that, seeing the dreadful strength of the Gāṇḍīva-wielding archer (Arjuna), the warriors—amid cries of alarm—move to surround and support Bhīṣma from all directions, indicating a defensive consolidation around their commander.