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Shloka 186

अश्वमेधावसानम् — Dakṣiṇā-vibhāga and Avabhṛtha

Completion of the Aśvamedha

जड़मै: स्थावरैर्वापि यष्टव्यमिति भारत । इन्द्रके उस यज्ञमें जुटे हुए तपस्वी लोगोंमें इस प्रश्नको लेकर महान्‌ विवाद खड़ा हो गया। भारत! एक पक्ष कहता था कि जंगम पदार्थ (पशु आदि)-के द्वारा यज्ञ करना चाहिये और दूसरा पक्ष कहता था कि स्थावर वस्तुओं (अन्न-फल आदि)-के द्वारा यजन करना उचित है

jaḍaiḥ sthāvarair vāpi yaṣṭavyam iti bhārata | indre ca tasmin yajñe juṭeṣu tapasviṣu janaiḥ asmin praśne mahān vivādaḥ samajāyata | bhārata! ekaḥ pakṣaḥ jagamadravyaiḥ (paśv-ādibhiḥ) yajñaṃ kartavyam iti, aparaḥ pakṣaḥ sthāvaravastubhiḥ (anna-phala-ādibhiḥ) yajanaṃ yuktam iti ||

Vaiśampāyana nói: “Hỡi Bhārata, (có người cho rằng) lễ tế nên được cử hành cả bằng những phẩm vật vô tri, bất động. Trong lễ tế của Indra ấy, giữa các đạo sĩ khổ hạnh tụ hội, đã dấy lên một cuộc tranh luận lớn chính về điều này. Một phe cho rằng nghi lễ phải tiến hành bằng các sinh vật hữu động—như loài vật—còn phe kia khẳng định rằng việc thờ cúng đúng đắn là bằng các phẩm vật vô động—như ngũ cốc và trái cây.”

{'jaḍa''inert, insentient
{'jaḍa':
non-sentient substance', 'sthāvara''immobile, stationary
non-sentient substance', 'sthāvara':
plants/produce and other fixed offerings', 'jagama (jāṅgama)''moving, animate
plants/produce and other fixed offerings', 'jagama (jāṅgama)':
living beings such as animals', 'yaṣṭavyam''should be sacrificed/should perform a yajña (gerundive of √yaj)', 'yajña': 'sacrificial rite
living beings such as animals', 'yaṣṭavyam':
ritual offering ordered by Vedic injunctions', 'yajana''act of worship/sacrificing
ritual offering ordered by Vedic injunctions', 'yajana':
performance of ritual offering', 'tapasvin''ascetic
performance of ritual offering', 'tapasvin':
one devoted to austerity', 'vivāda''dispute, controversy, debate', 'pakṣa': 'side in a debate
one devoted to austerity', 'vivāda':
position or thesis', 'bhārata''O descendant of Bharata
position or thesis', 'bhārata':

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
B
Bhārata (Janamejaya)
I
Indra
Y
yajña (sacrifice)
T
tapasvins (ascetics)
J
jāṅgama offerings (animals)
S
sthāvara offerings (grains, fruits)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical-ritual dilemma: whether sacrificial duty is fulfilled through animal (jāṅgama) offerings or through non-violent, immobile (sthāvara) offerings like grains and fruits. It highlights that dharma can involve competing interpretations, especially when ritual obligation and non-harm are both valued.

During Indra’s sacrifice, the gathered ascetics begin a major debate. Two factions form—one advocating animal sacrifice as proper to yajña, the other advocating offerings of grains/fruits—setting up a discussion on the correct means of performing the rite.