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Shloka 31

Adhyāya 90: Babhruvāhana’s Reception and the Commencement of Yudhiṣṭhira’s Aśvamedha

उज्छमप्राप्तवानेव ब्राह्मण: क्षुच्छूमान्वित: । स तथैव क्षुधाविष्ट: सार्ध परिजनेन ह

uccham aprāptavān eva brāhmaṇaḥ kṣucchūmān vitaḥ | sa tathaiva kṣudhāviṣṭaḥ sārdha-parijanena ha kṣapayāmāsa taṃ kālaṃ kṛcchra-prāṇo dvijottamaḥ |

Nakula nói: “Vị Bà-la-môn ấy, bị đói khát và nắng nóng thiêu đốt dày vò, vẫn không kiếm được dù chỉ chút đồ ăn thừa. Dẫu bị cơn đói hành hạ và kiệt sức vì nhọc nhằn, ông không tìm thấy lấy một hạt lương thực. Vì thế, cùng với tất cả những người nương tựa mình, ông chịu đựng quãng thời gian ấy trong cảnh thiếu thốn như vậy, chỉ vừa đủ giữ mạng bằng muôn phần khó nhọc.”

उच्छम्leftover food/alms (as object of obtaining)
उच्छम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउच्छ (प्रातिपदिक; उच्छिष्ट/भिक्षा-अर्थे)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अप्राप्तवान्not having obtained
अप्राप्तवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-प्राप् (धातु √प्राप्) + क्तवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवas if/like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
ब्राह्मणःthe Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षुत्with hunger
क्षुत्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुत्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
शूमान्वितःafflicted with pain/torment
शूमान्वितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशू (प्रातिपदिक; शूल/पीडा) + अन्वित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाthus/in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
क्षुधाwith hunger
क्षुधा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुधा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
आविष्टःseized/overcome
आविष्टः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-विश् (धातु √विश्) + क्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सार्धम्together with
सार्धम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसार्धम्
परिजनेनwith (his) family/attendants
परिजनेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपरिजन
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
indeed (particle)
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्षपयामासspent/passed (time)
क्षपयामास:
TypeVerb
Rootक्षपय् (धातु √क्षप्/क्षि ‘to spend, pass’ causative) लिट्
FormPerfect (लिट्), Third, Singular
तम्that (time)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कालम्time/period
कालम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कृच्छ्रप्राणःwith life sustained with difficulty
कृच्छ्रप्राणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकृच्छ्र-प्राण (समास)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्विजोत्तमःbest of Brahmins
द्विजोत्तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज-उत्तम (समास)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

नकुल उवाच

N
Nakula
A
a Brahmin (dvijottama)
T
the Brahmin's family/dependents (parijana)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights dharmic endurance: even when reduced to seeking mere scraps and finding none, the virtuous person bears hardship without abandoning restraint or duty, sustaining life with difficulty but without ethical collapse.

Nakula describes a Brahmin undergoing severe deprivation—afflicted by heat and hunger, unable to obtain even leftover food—who nevertheless passes the time together with his dependents, barely maintaining life through extreme hardship.