Shloka 2

Uttanka’s Inquiry and Vāsudeva’s Adhyātma Exposition

Guṇa–Ritual–Immanence Teaching

Devanagari script

पुन: पुनश्च वार्ष्णेयं पर्यष्वजत फाल्गुन: । आ चरक्षुविषयाच्चैनं स ददर्श पुन: पुन:

Transliteration

punaḥ punaś ca vārṣṇeyaṃ paryaṣvajata phālgunaḥ | ā carakṣu-viṣayāc cainaṃ sa dadarśa punaḥ punaḥ ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana nói: Phālguna (Arjuna) hết lần này đến lần khác ôm chầm lấy Vārṣṇeya (Śrī Kṛṣṇa). Và cho đến khi Kṛṣṇa khuất khỏi tầm mắt, Arjuna vẫn liên tiếp ngoái nhìn về phía Người—một biểu hiện của tình nghĩa bền chặt, lòng tri ân và sự tôn kính đối với người bạn đã dìu dắt chàng qua gánh nặng chiến tranh và dharma.

Word by Word

• पुनः: again
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

• पुनः: again
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• वार्ष्णेयम्: the Vārṣṇeya (Krishna, descendant of Vṛṣṇi)
• वार्ष्णेयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वार्ष्णेय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• पर्यष्वजत्: embraced
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि + स्वज्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular

• फाल्गुनः: Phālguna (Arjuna)
• फाल्गुनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: फाल्गुन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• आ: until / up to
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ

• चरक्षु-विषयात्: from the range of sight (from being visible to the eyes)
• चरक्षु-विषयात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: चक्षुस्-विषय
• Form: Masculine, Ablative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एनम्: him
• एनम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ददर्श: saw / kept looking at
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular

• पुनः: again
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

• पुनः: again
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Arjuna (Phālguna)
• Śrī Kṛṣṇa (Vārṣṇeya)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical-emotional dimension of dharma: true guidance and friendship are honored with gratitude and reverence. Arjuna’s repeated embrace and lingering gaze show loyalty, humility, and recognition of Kṛṣṇa’s sustaining role after the trials of war.

What is happening in the narrative?

As Kṛṣṇa departs, Arjuna repeatedly embraces him and continues to look after him until he is no longer visible, emphasizing the pain of separation and the depth of their bond.