Shloka 21

Marutta’s Sacrifice: Indra’s Threat, Saṃvarta’s Mantric Restraint, and Divine Reconciliation (अध्याय १०)

Devanagari script

तमायान्तं सहित देवसंघै: प्रत्युध्ययां सपुरोधा मरुत्त: । चक्रे पूजां देवराजाय चाग्रयां यथाशास्त्रं विधिवत्‌ प्रीयमाण:

Transliteration

tam āyāntaṃ sahita-deva-saṅghaiḥ pratyudyayau sa-purodhā maruttaḥ | cakre pūjāṃ deva-rājāya cāgryāṃ yathā-śāstraṃ vidhi-vat prīyamāṇaḥ ||

Translation

Thấy Đế Thích, vua chư thiên, tiến đến giữa hội chư thần, vua Marutta—cùng vị tế sư của mình—liền bước ra nghênh đón. Với lòng hoan hỷ, nhà vua cử hành nghi lễ tôn vinh tối thượng và thờ phụng dành cho thiên vương, đúng như thánh điển quy định và theo đủ phép tắc. Cảnh ấy nêu rõ đạo lý hiếu khách cung kính và sự nghiêm cẩn giữ gìn dharma khi đón bậc khách quý ở địa vị cao hơn.

Word by Word

• तम्: him (Indra)
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आयान्तम्: coming/approaching
• आयान्तम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (आ + या)
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• सहितैः: together with
• सहितैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सहित
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• देवसङ्घैः: with groups of gods
• देवसङ्घैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवसङ्घ
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• प्रत्युद्ययौ: went forth to meet
• प्रत्युद्ययौ: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: इ (प्रति + उद् + इ)
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• सपुरोधाः: having (his) priest with him
• सपुरोधाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सपुरोधस्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मरुत्तः: King Marutta
• मरुत्तः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरुत्त
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• चक्रे: performed/did
• चक्रे: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), Third, Singular, Ātmanepada

• पूजाम्: worship/honour
• पूजाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पूजा
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• देवराजाय: to the king of gods (Indra)
• देवराजाय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवराज
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अग्र्याम्: foremost/excellent
• अग्र्याम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अग्र्य
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• यथाशास्त्रम्: according to the scriptures
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा + शास्त्र

• विधिवत्: duly/in proper manner
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विधि + वत्

• प्रीयमाणः: being delighted/pleased
• प्रीयमाणः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्री (प्रीयते)
• Form: शानच् (present middle participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संवर्त उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Saṃvarta
• Marutta
• Indra (Devarāja)
• Devas (divine assembly)
• Purohita (family priest)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches that true honor and hospitality are not merely emotional gestures but disciplined acts aligned with śāstra and proper procedure. Marutta’s joy is expressed through correct ritual conduct, showing that devotion and respect gain ethical strength when guided by dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

Indra approaches accompanied by other gods. King Marutta, with his priest (purohita), goes forward to welcome him and performs the foremost ceremonial honor (agryā pūjā) in the prescribed, rule-bound manner.