Shloka 12

Chatra–Upānah Dāna: Origin Narrative

Jamadagni–Reṇukā–Sūrya Saṃvāda

Devanagari script

पुरा वरान्‌ प्रत्यवरान्‌ गरीयसो यावन्नरा नावमंस्यन्ति सर्वे तमोत्तरं यावदिदं न वर्तते तावद्‌ व्रजामि परलोकं॑ चिराय

Transliteration

purā varān pratyavarān garīyaso yāvan narā nāvamasyanti sarve tamottaraṃ yāvad idaṃ na vartate tāvad vrajāmi paralokaṃ cirāya |

Translation

Bhishma nói: “Trước khi đến lúc người đời không còn tôn kính bậc vĩ đại chân chính mà lại khinh miệt họ như kẻ thấp hèn, và trước khi thế gian này bị bóng tối do vô minh tràn ngập, ta sẽ rời sang cõi khác trong một thời gian dài.”

Word by Word

• {'purā': 'formerly

• in earlier times', 'varān': 'the excellent

• the worthy (acc. pl.)', 'pratyavarān': 'the inferior

• the lesser (acc. pl.)', 'garīyasaḥ': 'the weightier/greater ones

• the eminent (nom. pl.)', 'yāvat': 'as long as

• until', 'narāḥ': 'men

• people', 'na': 'not', 'avamasyanti': 'disrespect

• dishonor (3rd pl.)', 'sarve': 'all', 'tamaḥ': 'darkness

• ignorance', 'uttaram': 'greater

• predominant', 'idam': 'this (world/condition)', 'na vartate': 'does not prevail

• does not occur', 'tāvat': 'until then

• before that', 'vrajāmi': 'I go

• I depart', 'paralokam': 'the other world

• the hereafter', 'cirāya': 'for a long time

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• paraloka (the other world)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A society collapses ethically when it stops honoring genuine excellence and virtue; the rise of ignorance (tamas) is a sign of dharma’s decline. The verse urges reverence for the truly great and vigilance against moral and intellectual darkness.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhishma, speaking in the Anushasana Parva, expresses his resolve to depart to the next world before an age arrives in which people contemptuously treat the eminent as though they were inferior and ignorance becomes dominant in the world.