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Shloka 6

प्रतिग्रहभेदः — The Distinction between Giving and Accepting

Vṛṣādarbhī–Saptarṣi Dialogue

पूर्णे वर्षमहस्रान्ते स कृत्वा दुष्करं तप: । कालधर्मपरीतात्मा निधनं समुपागत:

pūrṇe varṣasahasrānte sa kṛtvā duṣkaraṃ tapaḥ | kāladharmaparītātmā nidhanaṃ samupāgataḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Khi tròn một ngàn năm, sau khi thực hành khổ hạnh khó nhọc, bản thân bị bao trùm bởi pháp của Thời gian, người ấy đã đi đến tận cùng—tức là qua đời.”

पूर्णेwhen (it was) completed
पूर्णे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्ण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वर्षof a year
वर्ष:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
सहस्रof a thousand
सहस्र:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसहस्र
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
अन्तेat the end
अन्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृत्वाhaving done
कृत्वा:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
दुष्करम्difficult (to do)
दुष्करम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्कर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कालby time
काल:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
धर्मby the law/ordained course
धर्म:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
परीतovercome, encompassed
परीत:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-इ (पर्येति)
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
आत्माself, person
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निधनम्death, end
निधनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिधन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
समुपागतःhaving reached, came to
समुपागतः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-उप-आ-गम्
Formक्त (past active participle usage), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
K
Kāla (Time)

Educational Q&A

Even the most formidable austerity does not exempt one from the dominion of Kāla; the ordained law of Time culminates in death, underscoring impermanence and the limits of human striving.

Bhīṣma reports that after completing a thousand-year period of severe tapas, the person being discussed—overcome by the inevitable course of Time—reaches his end (dies).