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Shloka 3

प्रतिग्रहभेदः — The Distinction between Giving and Accepting

Vṛṣādarbhī–Saptarṣi Dialogue

भीष्म उवाच यथा श्राद्धं सम्प्रवृत्तं यस्मिन्‌ काले यदात्मकम्‌ । येन संकल्पितं चैव तन्‍्मे शूणु जनाधिप

bhīṣma uvāca | yathā śrāddhaṃ sampravṛttaṃ yasmin kāle yadātmakam | yena saṅkalpitaṃ caiva tan me śṛṇu janādhipa ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Hỡi bậc chúa tể của loài người, hãy lắng nghe ta. Ta sẽ kể cho ngươi biết nghi lễ śrāddha đã được thực hành từ thuở ban đầu như thế nào—vào thời điểm nào và theo cách thức nào nó khởi lên, bản chất cốt yếu của nó là gì, và ai là người đầu tiên khởi niệm rồi thiết lập nghi lễ ấy.”

{'bhīṣma uvāca''Bhishma said', 'yathā': 'how, in what manner', 'śrāddham': 'the śrāddha rite
{'bhīṣma uvāca':
ancestral offering performed with faith', 'sampravṛttam''set in motion
ancestral offering performed with faith', 'sampravṛttam':
became established', 'yasmin kāle''at which time
became established', 'yasmin kāle':
in what period/occasion', 'yad-ātmakam (yadātmakam)''of what nature
in what period/occasion', 'yad-ātmakam (yadātmakam)':
having what essential character', 'yena''by whom
having what essential character', 'yena':
through whom', 'saṅkalpitam''resolved upon
through whom', 'saṅkalpitam':
formally intended/ordained (as a rite)', 'ca eva''and indeed
formally intended/ordained (as a rite)', 'ca eva':
also', 'tat''that (matter)', 'me': 'from me
also', 'tat':
my', 'śṛṇu''hear
my', 'śṛṇu':
listen', 'janādhipa''O ruler of people
listen', 'janādhipa':

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
J
Janādhipa (the king, i.e., Yudhishthira)
Ś
Śrāddha

Educational Q&A

The verse frames śrāddha as a dharmic institution whose authority rests on its origin, proper time, and essential nature; Bhishma signals that correct ritual practice depends on understanding its intended purpose and the precedent set by the first institutor.

Bhishma begins a didactic explanation to the king (Yudhishthira), introducing a forthcoming account of when śrāddha began, what constitutes it, and who first established it as a formal rite.