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Shloka 12

Śrāddha-dvija-parīkṣā: Paṅkti-dūṣa and Paṅkti-pāvana (श्राद्धे द्विजपरीक्षा—पङ्क्तिदूष-पङ्क्तिपावन)

कृषिभागी भवेच्छाद्धं कुर्वाण: सप्तमीं नूप । अष्टम्यां तु प्रकुर्वाणो वाणिज्ये लाभमाप्नुयात्‌

kṛṣibhāgī bhavec chrāddhaṃ kurvāṇaḥ saptamīṃ nṛpa | aṣṭamyāṃ tu prakurvāṇo vāṇijye lābham āpnuyāt, rājan ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Tâu Đại vương, ai cử hành śrāddha vào ngày mồng bảy sẽ được dự phần lợi lộc của nghề nông; ai cử hành vào ngày mồng tám sẽ đạt lợi nhuận trong buôn bán. Vì thế, nghi lễ này khi được thực hiện đúng thời đúng tiết được truyền dạy là đem lại phú túc thế gian tương xứng, mà vẫn đặt nền trên bổn phận đối với tổ tiên.”

कृषिभागीone who gets a share/profit in agriculture; agriculturally profitable
कृषिभागी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकृषि + भागिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would be / becomes
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPotential (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
श्राद्धम्śrāddha rite
श्राद्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कुर्वाणःdoing / performing
कुर्वाणः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Śatṛ (present active participle)
सप्तमीम्the seventh (lunar day)
सप्तमीम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसप्तमी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
नृपO king
नृप:
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अष्टम्याम्on the eighth (lunar day)
अष्टम्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअष्टमी
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
तुbut / and
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
प्रकुर्वाणःperforming (duly), doing forth
प्रकुर्वाणः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + कृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Śatṛ (present active participle)
वाणिज्येin trade / commerce
वाणिज्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवाणिज्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
लाभम्profit, gain
लाभम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलाभ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आप्नुयात्would obtain
आप्नुयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootआप्
FormPotential (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
T
the king (rājan/nṛpa)
Ś
śrāddha
S
saptamī (7th tithi)
A
aṣṭamī (8th tithi)
K
kṛṣi (agriculture)
V
vāṇijya (trade)

Educational Q&A

The verse links the performance of śrāddha on specific lunar days with corresponding forms of worldly gain—Saptamī with agricultural benefit and Aṣṭamī with commercial profit—presenting ritual duty to ancestors as harmonized with orderly prosperity.

Bhīṣma is instructing the king (Yudhiṣṭhira in context of the Anuśāsana Parva) on the observances and fruits of śrāddha, detailing how different tithis are traditionally said to yield different practical outcomes.