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Shloka 5

Go-mahātmyam: Pavitrāṇāṃ Pavitraṃ

Cows and Ghee as Supreme Purifiers

असुर्या नाम ते लोका गां दत्त्वा तानू न गच्छति । पीतोदकां जग्धतृणां नष्टक्षीरां निरिन्द्रियाम्‌

bhīṣma uvāca | asuryā nāma te lokā gāṁ dattvā tānū na gacchati | pītodakāṁ jagdhatṛṇāṁ naṣṭakṣīrāṁ nirindriyām |

Bhīṣma nói: “Có những cõi gọi là ‘Asurya’—những miền tối tăm không có mặt trời. Người bố thí một con bò trong tình trạng đúng phép thì không phải đi đến những cõi ấy. Nhưng nếu đem cho một con bò đã bị bỏ mặc đến cạn nước, hết cỏ, sữa hư hoại, các giác quan và sức lực suy tàn—già yếu, bệnh tật—thì ‘món quà’ ấy chỉ khiến vị brāhmaṇa thọ nhận chịu khổ vô ích, còn kẻ cho tự mình rơi vào địa ngục ghê gớm.”

असुर्याःsunless (dark) [worlds]
असुर्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअसुर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
नामby name / called
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
तेthose
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लोकाःworlds
लोकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गाम्a cow
गाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
दत्त्वाhaving given
दत्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (धातु)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
तान्them (those worlds)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गच्छतिgoes
गच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु)
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
पीतोदकाम्whose water has been drunk (i.e., drained of water)
पीतोदकाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपीत-उदक (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
जग्धतृणाम्whose grass has been eaten (i.e., with fodder consumed)
जग्धतृणाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootजग्ध-तृण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
नष्टक्षीराम्whose milk is lost/ruined
नष्टक्षीराम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनष्ट-क्षीर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
निरिन्द्रियाम्devoid of senses/strength
निरिन्द्रियाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्-इन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
A
Asuryā lokāḥ (sunless/dark worlds)
G
Go (cow)
B
Brāhmaṇa (implied recipient in the ethical explanation)

Educational Q&A

Charity must be meaningful and non-harmful: donating an unfit, suffering cow is not true dāna but a burden that harms the recipient and brings negative karmic consequences to the giver.

Bhishma, instructing on dāna-dharma in the Anushasana Parva, contrasts proper cow-gifting (which protects one from dark afterlife realms) with the unethical act of giving a debilitated cow, which leads to suffering and hellish results.