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Shloka 30

गोप्रदानगुणाः तथा कपिलागोविधानम्

Merits of Cow-Gift and the Origin-Account of Kapilā Cows

योअग्रं भक्त किंचिदप्राश्य दद्याद्‌ गोभ्यो नित्यं गोव्रती सत्यवादी । शान्तो5लुब्धो गोसहस्रस्य पुण्यं संवत्सरेणाप्लुयात्‌ सत्यशील:

yo 'graṃ bhaktaṃ kiñcid aprāśya dadyād gobhyo nityaṃ govratī satyavādī | śānto 'lubdho gosahasrasya puṇyaṃ saṃvatsareṇāpluyāt satyaśīlaḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Ai mỗi ngày, trước khi dùng bữa của mình, trước hết dâng một phần nhỏ làm thức ăn cho bò—giữ ‘lời nguyện với bò’, nói lời chân thật, tâm an hòa và không tham—người kiên trú trong chân lý ấy, trong vòng một năm, đạt công đức tương đương với việc bố thí một ngàn con bò.”

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अग्रंthe first portion (beforehand)
अग्रं:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअग्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भक्तम्food (cooked rice/meal)
भक्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभक्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
किञ्चित्some, a little
किञ्चित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिञ्चित्
अप्राश्यhaving not eaten
अप्राश्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + अश्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (sense)
दद्यात्should give
दद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormVidhi-lin (optative), Potential/Optative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
गोभ्यःto the cows
गोभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Dative, Plural
नित्यम्always, daily
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
गोव्रतीone observing the cow-vow
गोव्रती:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगो-व्रतिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सत्यवादीtruth-speaking
सत्यवादी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्य-वादिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शान्तःcalm
शान्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशान्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अलुब्धःnot greedy
अलुब्धः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-लुब्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गोसहस्रस्यof a thousand cows (i.e., thousand-cow gift)
गोसहस्रस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootगो-सहस्र
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
पुण्यम्merit
पुण्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुण्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
संवत्सरेणby/within a year
संवत्सरेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसंवत्सर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
आप्नुयात्would obtain
आप्नुयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootआप्
FormVidhi-lin (optative), Potential/Optative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सत्यशीलःof truthful conduct
सत्यशीलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्य-शील
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

पितामह उवाच

B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)
C
cows (go)

Educational Q&A

Daily, disciplined compassion—offering a first portion of one’s food to cows—combined with truthfulness, calmness, and freedom from greed, is praised as a powerful dharmic practice, yielding merit comparable to great gifts.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction on dharma (Anuśāsana Parva), he commends a specific observance: giving cows a small offering before one eats, and he states the spiritual reward of this practice in terms of the merit of a large-scale cow-donation.