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Shloka 19

गोप्रदानगुणाः तथा कपिलागोविधानम्

Merits of Cow-Gift and the Origin-Account of Kapilā Cows

दायाद्याद्‌ या: सम वै गावो न्यायपूर्वैरुपार्जिता: । प्रदद्यात्‌ ता: प्रदातृणां सम्भवन्त्यपि च श्रुवा:

dāyādyād yāḥ sama-vā gāvo nyāya-pūrvair upārjitāḥ | pradadyāt tāḥ pradātṝṇāṃ sambhavanty api ca śruvāḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Nếu một người đem bố thí những con bò đã được thụ đắc một cách chính đáng—như phần gia tài hợp pháp của mình—thì đối với người bố thí ấy, chính những con bò đó trở thành nguồn phước đức bền lâu, không hề suy giảm, như truyền thống thánh điển vẫn dạy.”

दायाद्यात्from an heir/kinsman
दायाद्यात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदायाद (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
याःwhich (those)
याः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
समाःequal/alike
समाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
गावःcows
गावः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
न्यायपूर्वैःby lawful/just (means)
न्यायपूर्वैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootन्यायपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
उपार्जिताःacquired/earned
उपार्जिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउपार्जित (कृदन्त; उप-आर्ज् + क्त)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
प्रदद्यात्should give/donate
प्रदद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-दा (धातु)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
ताःthose (cows)
ताः:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
प्रदातॄणाम्of the donors/givers
प्रदातॄणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रदातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
सम्भवन्तिbecome/turn into
सम्भवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-भू (धातु)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
श्रुवाःladles (sacrificial ladles); (here) sources of oblation/merit
श्रुवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रुवा (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural

पितामह उवाच

B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)
C
cows (gāvaḥ)
I
inheritance/ancestral property (dāya/paitṛka-sampatti)

Educational Q&A

Charity yields lasting merit when the gift is made from wealth acquired by just and lawful means—especially one’s legitimate share of ancestral property; such properly obtained cows, when donated, become a source of inexhaustible spiritual fruit for the giver.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction on dharma (Anuśāsana Parva), he explains the ethical conditions that make gifts truly fruitful, emphasizing that donations—here, cows—should be made from rightfully obtained resources, such as a lawful inheritance share.