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Shloka 49

Phala of Vrata, Niyama, Svādhyāya, Dama, Satya, Brahmacarya, and Service (व्रत-नियम-स्वाध्याय-दम-सत्य-ब्रह्मचर्य-शुश्रूषा-फलप्रश्नः)

एतद्‌ दानं न्यायलब्धं द्विजेभ्य: पात्रे दत्त प्रापणीयं परीक्ष्य । काम्याष्टम्या वर्तितव्यं दशाहं रसैर्गवां शकृता प्रस्नवैर्वा

etad dānaṃ nyāyalabdhaṃ dvijebhyaḥ pātre dattaṃ prāpaṇīyaṃ parīkṣya | kāmyāṣṭamyā vartitavyaṃ daśāhaṃ rasair gavāṃ śakṛtā prasnavair vā ||

Naciketa nói: “Lễ thí này—gia súc có được bằng phương cách chính đáng—nên đem dâng cho hàng ‘nhị sinh’ (Bà-la-môn). Sau khi xét kỹ sự xứng đáng của người nhận, con bò đã trao cho bậc thật đáng thọ phải được đưa đến tận nhà người ấy theo đúng nghi thức. Lại nữa, bắt đầu từ bất kỳ ngày Aṣṭamī (mồng tám âm lịch) cát tường nào được chọn cho nghi lễ, người ta nên giữ một kỷ luật mười ngày, tự nuôi thân bằng các sản vật của bò—sữa và các chất dịch liên hệ—hoặc bằng phân bò, hoặc bằng nước tiểu bò.”

एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
दानम्gift, donation
दानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
न्याय-लब्धम्rightfully obtained
न्याय-लब्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootन्याय + लब्ध (√लभ्)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
द्विजेभ्यःto the twice-born (Brahmins)
द्विजेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
पात्रेin/with a worthy recipient
पात्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपात्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
दत्तम्given
दत्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदत्त (√दा)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
प्रापणीयम्to be caused to reach (delivered)
प्रापणीयम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रापणीय (√प्र-आप्/√आप्)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
परीक्ष्यhaving examined
परीक्ष्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरीक्ष्य (√ईक्ष् with परि-)
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
काम्य-अष्टम्याfrom an auspicious (desired) eighth lunar day
काम्य-अष्टम्या:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम्य + अष्टमी
FormFeminine, Ablative/Instrumental, Singular
वर्तितव्यम्is to be observed/practised
वर्तितव्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवर्तितव्य (√वृत्)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
दश-अहम्for ten days
दश-अहम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदश + अहन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
रसैःwith juices/liquids
रसैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरस
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
गवाम्of cows
गवाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
शकृताwith cow-dung
शकृता:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशकृत्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
प्रस्नवैःwith cow-urine (lit. excretions/flowings)
प्रस्नवैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रस्नव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा

नाचिकेत उवाच

नाचिकेत (Naciketas)
द्विज (twice-born/Brahmins)
गोधन (cattle-wealth)
गाय (cow)
अष्टमी (Aṣṭamī tithi)
गोरस (cow’s milk and related products)
गोबर (cow-dung)
गोमूत्र (cow-urine)

Educational Q&A

Charity must be funded by ethically acquired wealth, offered to genuinely worthy recipients after due scrutiny, and completed responsibly (ensuring the gift reaches the recipient). The accompanying ten-day observance emphasizes self-discipline and ritual purification through cow-related substances, framing dāna as both ethical and ascetic practice.

Naciketas lays down procedural and moral guidelines for go-dāna (donation of cows): acquire the cattle righteously, test the recipient’s worthiness, deliver the cow properly, and undertake a ten-day regimen beginning on an auspicious Aṣṭamī, living on cow-products as part of the rite.