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Shloka 69

गवां लोकवर्णनं तथा गोप्रदानफलश्रुतिः

Description of the ‘World of Cows’ and the Stated Fruits of Cow-Gift

(विप्रदारे परह्ते विप्रस्वनिचये तथा । परित्रायन्ति शक्तास्तु नमस्तेभ्यो मृतास्तु वा ।।

bhīṣma uvāca |

vipradāre parahṛte viprasvanicaye tathā |

paritrāyanti śaktās tu namas tebhyo mṛtās tu vā ||

na pālayanti cet tasya hantā vaivasvato yamaḥ |

daṇḍayan bhartsayan nityaṃ nirayebhyo na muñcati ||

tathā gavāṃ paritrāṇe pīḍane ca śubhāśubham |

vipragōṣu viśeṣeṇa rakṣiteṣu hateṣu vā ||

Bhīṣma nói: Ở nơi nào vợ của các Bà-la-môn bị xâm hại hay bị bắt đi, hoặc tài sản của các Bà-la-môn bị chiếm đoạt, thì những ai có đủ sức mà đứng ra che chở—xin cúi đầu kính lễ những bậc hộ vệ ấy; còn kẻ không bảo vệ họ thì chẳng khác gì người chết. Vaivasvata Yama, con của Thần Mặt Trời, sẽ trở thành kẻ sát phạt những người tắc trách ấy: Ngài trừng phạt, quở trách họ mỗi ngày và không bao giờ thả họ khỏi các địa ngục. Cũng vậy, đối với loài bò, việc bảo hộ hay áp bức đều đem lại quả lành hoặc quả dữ. Đặc biệt, công đức phát sinh khi tự thân bảo vệ Bà-la-môn và bò; tội lỗi phát sinh khi họ bị giết hại.

विप्रदारेin (the matter of) a Brahmin’s wife
विप्रदारे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविप्रदार
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
परहृतेwhen seized/abducted
परहृते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपरहृत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
विप्रस्वनिचयेin the collection of a Brahmin’s wealth
विप्रस्वनिचये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविप्रस्वनिचय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तथाand likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
परित्रायन्तिthey protect
परित्रायन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि+त्रा
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
शक्ताःable/capable
शक्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
नमःsalutation
नमः:
TypeNoun
Rootनमस्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तेभ्यःto them
तेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
मृताःdead
मृताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पालयन्तिthey protect/guard
पालयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootपाल्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
चेत्if
चेत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचेत्
तस्यof him/of that (person)
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
हन्ताslayer/executioner
हन्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहन्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैवस्वतःVaivasvata (son of Vivasvat)
वैवस्वतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवैवस्वत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यमःYama
यमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दण्डयन्punishing
दण्डयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootदण्डयत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भर्त्सयन्rebuking
भर्त्सयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootभर्त्सयत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
निरयेभ्यःfrom the hells
निरयेभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootनिरय
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मुच्यतिis released
मुच्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootमुच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
गवाम्of cows
गवाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
परित्राणेin protection
परित्राणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपरित्राण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पीडनेin harming/oppressing
पीडने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपीडन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शुभाशुभम्good and evil (result)
शुभाशुभम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशुभाशुभ
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
विप्रगोषुamong Brahmins and cows
विप्रगोषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविप्रगो
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
विशेषेणespecially
विशेषेण:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविशेष
रक्षितेषुwhen protected
रक्षितेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootरक्षित
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
हतेषुwhen slain
हतेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootहत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (Bhīṣma)
Y
Yama (Vaivasvata Yama)
S
Sun (Vivasvat/Āditya, implied by 'Vaivasvata')
B
Brahmins (Vipra)
B
Brahmin women (Vipradāra)
B
Brahmin wealth/property (Viprasvanicaya)
C
Cows (Gāvaḥ)
H
Hell (Niraya)

Educational Q&A

Dharma requires active protection of Brahmins (their persons, families, and property) and of cows when one has the capacity; failure to protect is treated as grave moral negligence that leads to severe post-mortem retribution under Yama, while protection yields merit and harm yields sin.

In Bhishma’s instruction on gifts and the greatness of cow-giving (go-dāna), he broadens the ethical frame: beyond ritual giving, society’s guardians must prevent abduction and plunder involving Brahmins and must protect cows; he warns that Yama punishes those who neglect this duty.