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Shloka 10

Adhyāya 64: Dāna-prakāra—Suvarṇa, Pānīya-dāna, Ghṛta-dāna, and Upakaraṇa-dāna

Utility Gifts

(विद्वद्धय: सम्प्रदानेन तत्राप्यंशो5स्य पूजया । यज्वभ्यश्नाथ विद्वद्धयो दत्त्वा लोक॑ प्रदापयेत्‌ ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | vidvadbhyaḥ sampradānena tatrāpy aṁśo 'sya pūjayā | yajvabhyaś cātha vidvadbhyo dattvā lokaṁ pradāpayet || pradadyāj jñānadātṝṇāṁ jñānadānāṁśabhāg bhavet | prajāvato bharet tathā brāhmaṇān bahukāriṇaḥ | prajāvāṁs tena bhavati yathā janayitā tathā ||

Bố thí cho bậc học giả—và cả việc tôn kính họ—khiến người cho và người kính lễ đều được hưởng một phần công đức của tế lễ. Bố thí cho người chủ tế và bậc trí giả khiến sự bố thí ấy trở thành nhân duyên đạt đến cõi lành thù thắng. Cũng nên đem cơm ăn và tài vật cúng dường những người ban tặng tri thức; nhờ vậy, người cho được dự phần một phần công đức phát sinh từ sự ‘bố thí tri thức’ của họ. Lại nữa, ai nuôi dưỡng các Bà-la-môn làm lợi cho nhiều người và có gia thất, thì nhờ sức mạnh của thiện nghiệp ấy sẽ được phúc lành con cháu—như chính bậc sinh thành vậy.

विद्वद्भ्यःto the learned (men)
विद्वद्भ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
सम्प्रदानेनby giving / by donation
सम्प्रदानेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसम्प्रदान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
तत्रtherein / in that (act)
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अंशःa share / portion
अंशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअंश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्यof this (merit/act)
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
पूजयाby worship/honouring
पूजया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपूजा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
यज्वभ्यःto sacrificers / performers of yajña
यज्वभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootयज्वन्
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
अथthen / moreover
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
विद्वद्भ्यःto the learned
विद्वद्भ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
दत्त्वाhaving given
दत्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
लोकम्world / (heavenly) realm
लोकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रदापयेत्should cause (one) to obtain / should bestow
प्रदापयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-दा (causative: प्रदापयति)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, Causative
प्रदद्यात्should give
प्रदद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-दा
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
ज्ञानदातॄणाम्of the givers of knowledge
ज्ञानदातॄणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञानदातृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
ज्ञानदानgift of knowledge
ज्ञानदान:
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञानदान
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अंशभागःa sharer in a portion (of merit)
अंशभागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअंशभाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would be / should become
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रजावतःthose having offspring
प्रजावतः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रजावत्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भरेत्should support / maintain
भरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अथand / moreover
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
ब्राह्मणान्Brahmins
ब्राह्मणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
बहुकारिणःdoing much good / beneficent to many
बहुकारिणः:
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुकारिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
प्रजावान्one having offspring
प्रजावान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रजावत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेनby that (act/merit)
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
भवतिbecomes
भवति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यथाas / just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
जनयिताbegetter / progenitor
जनयिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजनयितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाso / likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Brahmins
L
learned men (vidvān)
S
sacrificers (yajva)
T
teachers/givers of knowledge (jñānadātṛ)
L
loka (higher world)

Educational Q&A

Charity directed toward the learned, sacrificers, and especially teachers is not merely social support; it is a dharmic act that yields a share in their religious and educational merit, leading to higher spiritual attainment and even blessings such as progeny.

In the Anushasana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma continues advising Yudhishthira about the fruits of giving: honoring scholars, supporting yajña-performers, and sustaining knowledge-teachers and family-bearing benefactor-Brahmins, explaining the specific merits that accrue to the donor.