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Shloka 47

दैव–पुरुषकार-प्रश्नः

Daiva–Puruṣakāra Inquiry: Fate and Human Effort

न च फलति विकर्मा जीवलोके न दैवं व्यपनयति विमार्ग नास्ति दैवे प्रभुत्वम्‌ | गुरुमिव कृतमग्रयं कर्म संयाति दैवं नयति पुरुषकार: संचितस्तत्र तत्र

na ca phalati vikarmā jīvaloke na daivaṁ vyapanayati vimārgaṁ nāsti daive prabhutvam | gurum iva kṛtam agryaṁ karma saṁyāti daivaṁ nayati puruṣakāraḥ saṁcitas tatra tatra ||

Bhishma dạy rằng: Trong cõi hữu tình, người không nỗ lực thì chẳng bao giờ thật sự hưng thịnh. Số mệnh không có quyền lực độc lập đến mức có thể kéo kẻ lười biếng ra khỏi đường tà và đặt vững hắn vào đường chánh. Trái lại, số mệnh đi theo ý chí và công phu của con người: như người đệ tử bước đi đặt thầy ở phía trước, thì định mệnh cũng chuyển động phía sau sự gắng sức. Chính nỗ lực đã tích lũy mới là điều mang cái gọi là “số mệnh” đi đến nơi nó bị dẫn đến.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
फलतिbears fruit / prospers
फलति:
TypeVerb
Rootफल्
FormLat (present indicative), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
विकर्माone who does wrong acts / wrong-doer
विकर्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविकर्मन्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
जीवलोकेin the world of living beings
जीवलोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजीवलोक
Formmasculine, locative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दैवम्fate / destiny
दैवम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदैव
Formneuter, nominative, singular
व्यपनयतिremoves / drives away
व्यपनयति:
TypeVerb
Rootअप-नी (नी)
FormLat (present indicative), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
विमार्गम्wrong path
विमार्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविमार्ग
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्तिis / exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormLat (present indicative), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
दैवेin fate / in destiny
दैवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदैव
Formneuter, locative, singular
प्रभुत्वम्mastery / power
प्रभुत्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभुत्व
Formneuter, nominative, singular
गुरुम्teacher
गुरुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
इवlike / as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
कृतम्done / made
कृतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootकृ (क्त)
Formneuter, accusative, singular
अग्र्यम्foremost / placed in front
अग्र्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअग्र्य
Formneuter, accusative, singular
कर्मaction / deed
कर्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
संयातिgoes along / follows
संयाति:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-या (या)
FormLat (present indicative), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
दैवम्fate / destiny
दैवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदैव
Formneuter, accusative, singular
नयतिleads
नयति:
TypeVerb
Rootनी
FormLat (present indicative), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
पुरुषकारःhuman effort / exertion
पुरुषकारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुषकार
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
संचितःaccumulated / stored up
संचितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-चि (क्त)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
तत्रthere (in each place)
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Human effort (puruṣakāra) is primary: prosperity and moral progress do not come to the idle, and ‘fate’ is not an independent ruler that can reform a person by itself. Destiny is portrayed as following behind one’s accumulated actions and exertions.

Bhishma is instructing on dharma and right conduct, emphasizing ethical responsibility. In this teaching passage he argues against fatalism, explaining that personal initiative leads and what people call ‘daiva’ follows the momentum created by one’s deeds.