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Shloka 27

दैव–पुरुषकार-प्रश्नः

Daiva–Puruṣakāra Inquiry: Fate and Human Effort

आत्मैव ह्ात्मनो बन्धुरात्मैव रिपुरात्मन: । आत्मैव हाात्मन: साक्षी कृतस्याप्यकृतस्य च,आत्मा ही अपना बन्धु है, आत्मा ही अपना शत्रु है तथा आत्मा ही अपने कर्म और अकर्मका साक्षी है

ātmaiva hy ātmano bandhur ātmaiva ripur ātmanaḥ | ātmaiva hy ātmanaḥ sākṣī kṛtasyāpy akṛtasya ca ||

Bhīṣma nói: Chính bản thân mình là bạn của mình; chính bản thân mình cũng là kẻ thù của mình. Và chính bản thân mình là chứng nhân cho điều đã làm và điều đã bỏ không làm.

आत्माself (as subject)
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/alone
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
हिfor/indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
आत्मनःof oneself / for oneself
आत्मनः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
बन्धुःfriend/kinsman
बन्धुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबन्धु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आत्माself
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/alone
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
रिपुःenemy
रिपुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरिपु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आत्मनःof oneself / for oneself
आत्मनः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
आत्माself
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/alone
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
हिfor/indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
आत्मनःof oneself
आत्मनः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
साक्षीwitness
साक्षी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसाक्षिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृतस्यof what is done
कृतस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अकृतस्यof what is not done
अकृतस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootअकृत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
A
Atman (the self)

Educational Q&A

Moral responsibility is internal: the same self can uplift one through restraint and right choice, or ruin one through negligence and wrongdoing; and the self is the inescapable witness to both actions and omissions.

In the Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma is instructing Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma; here he emphasizes inner accountability—before society or law, one’s own conscience (ātman) stands as friend, enemy, and witness.