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Shloka 2

गोमूल्यनिर्णयः — The Determination of Value through the Cow

Nahuṣa–Cyavana Episode

तेषामेतेन विधिना जातानां वर्णसंकरे । को धर्म: कानि कर्माणि तनमे ब्रूहि पितामह

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |

teṣām etena vidhinā jātānāṁ varṇa-saṅkare |

ko dharmaḥ kāni karmāṇi tan me brūhi pitāmaha ||

Yudhiṣṭhira thưa: “Bạch Tổ phụ, đối với những người sinh ra từ sự pha trộn như thế—tức varṇasaṅkara—dharma thích đáng của họ là gì? Những bổn phận và nghề nghiệp nào được quy định cho họ? Xin hãy nói cho con biết.”

तेषाम्of those
तेषाम्:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
एतेनby this
एतेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
विधिनाby the method/way
विधिना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविधि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
जातानाम्of those born/produced
जातानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootजात
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
वर्णसंकरेin/with regard to intermixture of varnas
वर्णसंकरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्णसङ्कर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कःwhat?/which?
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःduty/law
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कानिwhich?/what (things)?
कानि:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
कर्माणिactions/rites
कर्माणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
तन्मेthat to me
तन्मे:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् + अहम्
FormNeuter (तत्); — (मे), Accusative (तत्); Dative/Genitive enclitic (मे), Singular
ब्रूहिtell (you)
ब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (ब्रवीति)
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
पितामहO grandsire
पितामह:
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिषछ्िर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
P
Pitāmaha (Bhīṣma)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-question: when social categories become mixed and lineage-based identity is unclear (varṇa-saṅkara), what ethical and practical duties should guide such people? It seeks a principled basis for conduct beyond mere birth-labels.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction section, Yudhiṣṭhira questions Bhīṣma (addressed as Pitāmaha) about the proper dharma and prescribed occupations for those born from intermixture of varṇas, asking for authoritative guidance.