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Shloka 17

Cyavana’s Water-Vow and the Ethics of Cohabitation (स्नेह-सम्वास-धर्मः)

अब्राह्माणं तु मन्यन्ते शूद्रापुत्रमनैपुणात्‌ । त्रिषु वर्णेषु जातो हि ब्राह्मणाद्‌ ब्राह्मणो भवेत्‌

abhāhmaṇaṁ tu manyante śūdrāputram anaipuṇāt | triṣu varṇeṣu jāto hi brāhmaṇād brāhmaṇo bhavet ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Họ không xem người con sinh từ một phụ nữ Śūdra với cha là Brāhmaṇa là Brāhmaṇa, vì cho rằng người ấy thiếu sự tinh luyện và năng lực gắn với hạnh kiểm Brāhmaṇa. Nhưng người con do một Brāhmaṇa sinh với phụ nữ thuộc bất kỳ một trong ba varṇa còn lại thì được coi là Brāhmaṇa.”

अब्राह्माणम्a non-brahmin (as such)
अब्राह्माणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअ-ब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
मन्यन्तेthey consider/think
मन्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootमन्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Ātmanepada
शूद्रापुत्रम्a son of a Śūdra woman
शूद्रापुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्रा-पुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अनैपुणात्due to lack of skill/competence
अनैपुणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअ-नैपुण्य
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
त्रिषुin/among three
त्रिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
वर्णेषुin the varṇas/classes
वर्णेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
जातःborn
जातः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
ब्राह्मणात्from a brahmin (father)
ब्राह्मणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
ब्राह्मणःa brahmin (person)
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would be/becomes
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Potential), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Brāhmaṇa
Ś
Śūdra
V
Varṇa

Educational Q&A

The verse states a normative rule about social recognition (varṇa-status): a child’s acceptance as ‘brāhmaṇa’ is linked to perceived brāhmaṇa-qualities (naipuṇya) and, in the stated scheme, to paternity by a brāhmaṇa across unions with women of other varṇas, while excluding the son of a Śūdra woman from brāhmaṇa recognition.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma is instructing Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and social norms. Here he addresses rules of lineage and varṇa-classification, explaining how certain births were traditionally categorized and socially acknowledged.