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Shloka 5

Varṇasaṃkara: Causes, Classifications, and Conduct-based Recognition (वर्णसंकरः—हेतु-जाति-आचारनिर्णयः)

एतत्‌ तु नापरे चक्कुरपरे जातु साधव: । साधूनां पुनराचारो गरीयान्‌ धर्मलक्षण:

etat tu nāpare cakṣur apare jātu sādhavaḥ | sādhūnāṃ punar ācāro garīyān dharmalakṣaṇaḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Có người cho rằng những bậc hiền thiện khác không hành xử như vậy; kẻ khác lại nói rằng các bậc hiền thiện đôi khi cũng đã hành xử như thế. Vì vậy, phong tục và hạnh kiểm (ācāra) của người thực sự thiện lương là dấu hiệu nặng ký nhất để nhận biết dharma.”

एतत्this (act/thing)
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपरेothers (people)
अपरे:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
चक्कुःsaid/declared
चक्कुः:
TypeVerb
Rootचक्ष्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural
अपरेothers (people)
अपरे:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जातुever/at any time
जातु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootजातु
साधवःgood/virtuous people
साधवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसाधु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
साधूनाम्of the virtuous
साधूनाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसाधु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
पुनःagain/furthermore
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
आचारःconduct/practice
आचारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआचार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गरीयान्weightier/superior
गरीयान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootगरीयस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मलक्षणःmark/criterion of dharma
धर्मलक्षणः:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मलक्षण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

When scriptural or theoretical claims conflict about what is permissible, the most reliable indicator of dharma is the established conduct (ācāra) of genuinely virtuous people; their lived practice carries decisive ethical authority.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma, he addresses disagreement about whether certain actions were ever performed by the righteous. He resolves the dispute by asserting that the behavior of true sādhus is the strongest criterion for identifying dharma.