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Shloka 4

Varṇasaṃkara: Causes, Classifications, and Conduct-based Recognition (वर्णसंकरः—हेतु-जाति-आचारनिर्णयः)

स्वयंवृत्तेन सा$ऊज्ञप्ता पित्रा वै प्रत्यपद्यत । तत्‌ तस्यान्ये प्रशंसन्ति धर्मज्ञा नेतरे जना:

svayaṃvṛttena sā ājñaptā pitrā vai pratyapadyata | tat tasyānye praśaṃsanti dharmajñā na itare janāḥ ||

Theo lệnh của cha, nàng đã hành động theo con đường do chính mình lựa chọn và chấp nhận kết cục ấy. Có người—những kẻ hiểu dharma—tán dương hành vi của nàng; nhưng cũng có kẻ khác thì không.

स्वयम्by oneself
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
वृत्तेनby (her) chosen course/act; by conduct
वृत्तेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्त
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
साshe
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
आज्ञप्ताhaving been commanded/ordered
आज्ञप्ता:
TypeAdjective
Rootआज्ञप्त
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पित्राby (her) father
पित्रा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
प्रत्यपद्यतshe resorted to/entered upon; she accepted
प्रत्यपद्यत:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-√पद्
FormImperfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
तत्that (act)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तस्यof her
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रशंसन्तिpraise
प्रशंसन्ति:
TypeVerb
Root√शंस् (प्र-)
FormPresent, 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
धर्मज्ञाःknowers of dharma
धर्मज्ञाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
इतरेthe others
इतरे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootइतर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जनाःpeople
जनाः:
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
F
father (of Sāvitrī, implied)
S
Sāvitrī (implied by context)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is not always judged uniformly by society: conduct that harmonizes personal resolve with rightful instruction may be praised by discerning people, even if it is criticized by others.

Bhīṣma comments on a woman’s action (Sāvitrī in context): though acting under her father’s instruction, she proceeds in a self-chosen manner, and her deed becomes a point of differing public evaluation—praised by dharma-knowers, faulted by others.