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Shloka 2

Varṇasaṃkara: Causes, Classifications, and Conduct-based Recognition (वर्णसंकरः—हेतु-जाति-आचारनिर्णयः)

भीष्म उवाच या पुत्रकस्य ऋद्धस्य प्रतिपाल्या तदा भवेत्‌ | अथ चेन्नाहरेच्छुल्क॑ क्रीता शुल्कप्रदस्य सा

bhīṣma uvāca yā putrakasya ṛddhasya pratipālyā tadā bhavet | atha cen nāharec chulkaṃ krītā śulkapradasya sā ||

Bhīṣma đáp: “Này Yudhiṣṭhira, nếu cha đã nhận giá cưới từ một người giàu có nhưng không có con trai, thì bổn phận của cha là bảo hộ cô gái ấy mọi bề cho đến khi người kia trở về. Chừng nào giá cưới chưa được hoàn lại, thì cô gái—bị xem như ‘đã được mua’—được coi là thuộc về kẻ đã nộp giá ấy.”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
याwhich (woman)
या:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पुत्रकस्यof the sonless man (lit. of the one without a son)
पुत्रकस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्रक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
ऋद्धस्यof the wealthy/prosperous (man)
ऋद्धस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootऋद्ध
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
प्रतिपाल्याto be protected/guarded
प्रतिपाल्या:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रतिपाल्य
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तदाthen/at that time
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
भवेत्should be/should become
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative, Third, Singular
अथthen/now
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
चेत्if
चेत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचेत्
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आहरेत्should bring/should return
आहरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-हृ
FormOptative, Third, Singular
शुल्कम्bride-price/payment
शुल्कम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशुल्क
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
क्रीताbought/purchased
क्रीता:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootक्री
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
शुल्कप्रदस्यof the giver of the bride-price
शुल्कप्रदस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootशुल्कप्रद
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
साshe/that woman
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira
F
father/guardian of the maiden
T
the maiden (kanyā)
T
the bride-price payer (śulkaprada)

Educational Q&A

Accepting a bride-price creates a binding obligation: until the payment is returned, the guardian must protect the maiden, and failure to repay implies the transaction stands, making her legally/ritually associated with the payer. The emphasis is on accountability, protection of the vulnerable, and integrity in agreements.

In his instruction to Yudhishthira on dharma, Bhishma discusses a case involving a maiden for whom a bride-price has been taken. He clarifies the guardian’s duty of protection and the legal-ethical consequence if the bride-price is not returned.