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Shloka 52

Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma

देवरं प्रविशेत्‌ कन्या तप्येद्‌ वापि तप: पुन: । तमेवानुगता भूत्वा पाणिग्राहस्य काम्यया

devaraṃ praviśet kanyā tapyed vāpi tapaḥ punaḥ | tamevānugatā bhūtvā pāṇigrāhasya kāmyayā ||

Bhīṣma nói: Nếu người đàn ông đã nộp sính lễ qua đời, thiếu nữ ấy либо nên kết hợp với em trai của người ấy (làm chồng theo pháp), hoặc lại thực hành khổ hạnh—suốt đời giữ thân trinh, một lòng theo tưởng niệm chính vị tân lang ấy, với ước nguyện được gặp và đạt được người ấy (dẫu ở đời sau).

देवरम्the husband's younger brother (devar)
देवरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेवर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रविशेत्should enter/approach (as husband)
प्रविशेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-विश्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कन्याthe maiden/young woman
कन्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकन्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तप्येत्should perform austerity / should do penance
तप्येत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootतप्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पुनःagain/further
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अनुगताhaving followed
अनुगता:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनु-गम्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
भूत्वाhaving become
भूत्वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभू
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
पाणिग्राहस्यof the husband (lit. hand-taker)
पाणिग्राहस्य:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपाणिग्राह
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
काम्ययाwith the desire (to obtain)
काम्यया:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootकाम्य
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhishma
D
devara (younger brother of the bridegroom)
K
kanyā (the maiden/bride)
P
pāṇigrāha (the bridegroom/hand-taker)

Educational Q&A

When a marriage arrangement is disrupted by the death of the bridegroom (the one who paid the bride-price), dharma offers two sanctioned paths: accept the younger brother as husband to preserve familial continuity, or maintain chastity and practice austerity with steadfast fidelity to the intended husband, aspiring to reunion even beyond this life.

In Bhishma’s instruction on conduct and social-religious law, he addresses the proper course for a maiden whose intended husband dies after paying the bride-price, outlining either a substitute marriage within the same family (with the devara) or a life of ascetic fidelity.