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Shloka 51

Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma

यत्रेष्ट तत्र देया स्याज्नात्र कार्या विचारणा । कुर्वते जीवतो<प्येवं मृते नैवास्ति संशय:

yatreṣṭa tatra deyā syāj jñātrā kāryā vicāraṇā | kurvate jīvato 'py evaṁ mṛte naivāsti saṁśayaḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Con gái nên được gả nơi gặp được một chú rể ưu tú và xứng đáng; chớ ôm giữ những toan tính trái ngược. Dẫu người đã hứa nộp sính lễ hay khoản đền đáp khác vẫn còn sống, người quân tử vẫn gả cô gái cho người xứng đáng khi người ấy hiện hữu; và nếu người kia đã chết, thì việc gả nàng nơi khác lại càng không có gì phải nghi ngờ.”

यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
इष्टःdesired; suitable (bridegroom)
इष्टः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootइष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
देयाshould be given
देया:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormGerundive (potential passive participle), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्should be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अत्रhere; in this matter
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
कार्याshould be done
कार्या:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormGerundive (potential passive participle), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
विचारणाconsideration; deliberation
विचारणा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविचारणा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
कुर्वतेthey do
कुर्वते:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Atmanepada
जीवतःof (one) living; while (he) is alive
जीवतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootजीवत्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अपिeven; also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
एवम्thus; in this way
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
मृतेwhen (he) is dead; after death
मृते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अस्तिis
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Guardians should prioritize the girl’s welfare and dharmic suitability of the groom: when a worthy match is available, the marriage should be concluded without being bound by contrary considerations such as prior claims or payments.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma (especially household and social duties), he gives a practical rule about arranging a daughter’s marriage: choose the best eligible groom available, and do not hesitate even if someone else has offered consideration; if that person has died, the permissibility is even clearer.